Impact of two root systems, earthworms and mycorrhizae on the physical properties of an unstable silt loam Luvisol and plant production

Kohler-Milleret, Roxane; Bayon, Renée‐Claire Le; Chenu, Claire; Gobat, Jean‐Michel; Boivin, Pascal

doi:10.1007/s11104-013-1621-4

Cited by 46 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…In our case, we also found that the percentage of water-stable aggregates (WSA) at sizes of 2.00-1.00 and 1.00-0.50 mm was significantly higher in the mycorrhizal treatment as compared to non-mycorrhizal treatment (Table S1). Thus, the mycorrhizal hyphae entangle the soil particles and stabilize the macroaggregates [84] and the GRSPs help in the binding of these macroaggregates [85].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Common Mycorrhizal Networks Significantly Affects Plant Biomass and Soil Properties of the Neighboring Plants under Various Nitrogen Levels

et al. 2020

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Common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs) allow the transfer of nutrients between plants, influencing the growth of the neighboring plants and soil properties. Cleistogene squarrosa (C. squarrosa) is one of the most common grass species in the steppe ecosystem of Inner Mongolia, where nitrogen (N) is often a key limiting nutrient for plant growth, but little is known about whether CMNs exist between neighboring individuals of C. squarrosa or play any roles in the N acquisition of the C. squarrosa population. In this study, two C. squarrosa individuals, one as a donor plant and the other as a recipient plant, were planted in separate compartments in a partitioned root-box. Adjacent compartments were separated by 37 µm nylon mesh, in which mycorrhizal hyphae can go through but not roots. The donor plant was inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and their hyphae potentially passed through nylon mesh to colonize the roots of the recipient plant, resulting in the establishment of CMNs. The formation of CMNs was verified by microscopic examination and 15 N tracer techniques. Moreover, different levels of N fertilization (N0 = 0, N1 = 7.06, N2 = 14.15, N3 = 21.19 mg/kg) were applied to evaluate the CMNs' functioning under different soil nutrient conditions. Our results showed that when C. squarrosa-C. squarrosa was the association, the extraradical mycelium transferred the 15 N in the range of 45-55% at different N levels. Moreover, AM fungal colonization of the recipient plant by the extraradical hyphae from the donor plant significantly increased the plant biomass and the chlorophyll content in the recipient plant. The extraradical hyphae released the highest content of glomalin-related soil protein into the rhizosphere upon N2 treatment, and a significant positive correlation was found between hyphal length and glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSPs). GRSPs and soil organic carbon (SOC) were significantly correlated with mean weight diameter (MWD) and helped in the aggregation of soil particles, resulting in improved soil structure. In short, the formation of CMNs in this root-box experiment supposes the existence of CMNs in the typical steppe plants, and CMNs-mediated N transfer and root colonization increased the plant growth and soil properties of the recipient plant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Common Mycorrhizal Networks Significantly Affects Plant Biomass and Soil Properties of the Neighboring Plants under Various Nitrogen Levels

et al. 2020

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“…Greater root systems could provide more chances to be colonized by AMF, thereby increasing the production of hyphae, finally more GRSP production. On the other hand, a better root system could also release more root exudates into the rhizosphere16, which could directly affect aggregate stability. However, no information is available if a direct effect of roots on aggregate stability in a larger growth container could be stronger than that of mycorrhizal hyphae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ubiquitous soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can contribute to soil aggregate stability directly by their extraradical fungal hyphae1131415 or indirectly by altering the biochemical and morphological properties of host plants2. Such direct and indirect contributions are often intertwined together16. For instance, a microcosm experiment showed that mean weight diameter (MWD, an indicator of aggregate stability) highly positively correlated with soil hyphal length but weakly with root volumes13.…”

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confidence: 99%

Direct and indirect effects of glomalin, mycorrhizal hyphae and roots on aggregate stability in rhizosphere of trifoliate orange

Cao

Zou

et al. 2014

Sci Rep

180

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To test direct and indirect effects of glomalin, mycorrhizal hyphae, and roots on aggregate stability, perspex pots separated by 37-μm nylon mesh in the middle were used to form root-free hyphae and root/hyphae chambers, where trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings were colonized by Funneliformis mosseae or Paraglomus occultum in the root/hyphae chamber. Both fungal species induced significantly higher plant growth, root total length, easily-extractable glomalin-related soil protein (EE-GRSP) and total GRSP (T-GRSP), and mean weight diameter (an aggregate stability indicator). The Pearson correlation showed that root colonization or soil hyphal length significantly positively correlated with EE-GRSP, difficultly-extractable GRSP (DE-GRSP), T-GRSP, and water-stable aggregates in 2.00–4.00, 0.50–1.00, and 0.25–0.50 mm size fractions. The path analysis indicated that in the root/hyphae chamber, aggregate stability derived from a direct effect of root colonization, EE-GRSP or DE-GRSP. Meanwhile, the direct effect was stronger by EE-GRSP or DE-GRSP than by mycorrhizal colonization. In the root-free hyphae chamber, mycorrhizal-mediated aggregate stability was due to total effect but not direct effect of soil hyphal length, EE-GRSP and T-GRSP. Our results suggest that GRSP among these tested factors may be the primary contributor to aggregate stability in the citrus rhizosphere.

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“…Plant-soil surface structure interactions are proper feedback process: Plant canopies and/or residues from previous crops reduce runoff and evaporation and thereby enhance further plant growth due to better water availability. Plant effects on surface soil structure are related to the protective canopy effect against aggregate slaking (Zuazo and Pleguezuelo 2008), root/mycorrhiza enmeshment of (macro)aggregates (Gyssels et al 2005;Kohler-Milleret et al 2013), more active soil macrofauna (Facelli and Pickett 1991;Lavelle et al 2006), enhanced microbial activity in shaded soil due to less extreme temperatures and reduced ultraviolet radiation (Hatfield and Pruegar 1996;Zogg et al 1997;Ballaré et al 2011) and lower coalescence due to less drying of soil under canopy/mulch coverage (Mulumba and Lal 2008).…”

Section: Subsystem Interactions and Feedbacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of crop water under drought: a review

Bodner

Nakhforoosh

Kaul

2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

455

234

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Drought is a predominant cause of low yields worldwide. There is an urgent need for more water efficient cropping systems facing large water consumption of irrigated agriculture and high unproductive losses via runoff and evaporation. Identification of yield-limiting constraints in the plant-soil-atmosphere continuum are the key to improved management of plant water stress. Crop ecology provides a systematic approach for this purpose integrating soil hydrology and plant physiology into the context of crop production. We review main climate, soil and plant properties and processes that determine yield in different water-limited environments. From this analysis, management measures for cropping systems under specific drought conditions are derived. Major findings from literature analysis are as follows. (1) Unproductive water losses such as evaporation and runoff increase from continental in-season rainfall climates to storage-dependent winter rainfall climates. Highest losses occur under tropical residual moisture regimes with short intense rainy season. (2) Sites with a climatic dry season require adaptation via phenology and water saving to ensure stable yields. Intermittent droughts can be buffered via the root system, which is still largely underutilised for better stress resistance. (3) At short-term better management options such as mulching and date of seeding allow to adjust cropping systems to site constraints. Adapted cultivars can improve the synchronisation between crop water demand and soil supply. At long term, soil hydraulic and plant physiological constraints can be overcome by changing tillage systems and breeding new varieties with higher stress resistance. (4) Interactions between plant and soil, particularly in the rhizosphere, are a way towards better crop water supply. Targeted management of such plant-soil interactions is still at infancy.We conclude that understanding site-specific stress hydrology is imperative to select the most efficient measures to mitigate stress. Major progress in future can be expected from crop ecology focussing on the management of complex plant (root)-soil interactions.

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Impact of two root systems, earthworms and mycorrhizae on the physical properties of an unstable silt loam Luvisol and plant production

Cited by 46 publications

References 45 publications

Formation of Common Mycorrhizal Networks Significantly Affects Plant Biomass and Soil Properties of the Neighboring Plants under Various Nitrogen Levels

Formation of Common Mycorrhizal Networks Significantly Affects Plant Biomass and Soil Properties of the Neighboring Plants under Various Nitrogen Levels

Direct and indirect effects of glomalin, mycorrhizal hyphae and roots on aggregate stability in rhizosphere of trifoliate orange

Management of crop water under drought: a review

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