Impact of ultraviolet light on coercive field, poling dynamics and poling quality of various lithium niobate crystals from different sources

Wengler, Marc; Fassbender, B.; Soergel, E.; Buse, K.

doi:10.1063/1.1776324

Cited by 56 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Standard masks can be made thinner yielding smaller structures. The similarity between UV illumination and ion exposure has been discovered before: both treatments yield a significant reduction of the coercive field E C [8,10,25], which implies that changes in the electronic structure of the material are crucial for the poling dynamics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For domain reversal, the crystal was clamped between two fused silica glass plates with silicone o-rings. The space within the o-rings was filled with liquid electrodes [8,12]. Subsequently, high voltage was applied to the z-surfaces.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, methods improving the poling feasibility of LiNbO 3 :Mg are highly desired. For this purpose, ultraviolet light, helping small-sized domains to grow, has been utilized [8,9]. In this paper we present a different approach: the crystals are treated with low-mass, high-energy ions where the ion energy is large enough that they are transmitted through the full material thickness.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Radiation-damage-assisted ferroelectric domain structuring in magnesium-doped lithium niobate

et al. 2009

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Irradiation of 5% magnesium-doped lithium niobate crystals (LiNbO 3 :Mg) with high-energy, low-mass 3 He ions, which are transmitted through the crystal, changes the domain reversal properties of the material. This enables easier domain engineering compared to non-irradiated material and assists the formation of small-sized periodically poled domains in LiNbO 3 :Mg. Periodic domain structures exhibiting a width of ≈520 nm are obtained in radiation-damaged sections of the crystals. The ferroelectric poling behavior between irradiated and non-treated material is compared.PACS 78.20 · 42.65

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Radiation-damage-assisted ferroelectric domain structuring in magnesium-doped lithium niobate

et al. 2009

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“…10,11 The influences of ultraviolet illumination on the poling characteristics of the undoped and Mg-doped LiNbO 3 were investigated. 12,13 The laser-induced reductions of nucleation fields in Mg-doped LiNbO 3 by the focused visible light have been reported. [14][15][16] The ultraviolet-infrared laser-induced domain inversion in MgO-doped congruent LiNbO 3 were systematically investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-induced preferential domain nucleation in hafnium-doped congruent LiNbO 3 crystal

Hou

Zhi

Yan

et al. 2009

Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications III

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The instantaneous preferential domain nucleation effect of the z-cut hafnium-doped congruent LiNbO 3 crystal is investigated. The beam from an Ar-ion laser with 514 nm wavelength is focused on z surface. Two incidence schemes are performed: (1) irradiating near and focusing on the +z surface; (2) irradiating near and focusing on the -z surface. The digital holographic interferometry is used in investigating the visible laser-induced domain nucleation in hafnium-doped congruent LiNbO 3 crystal, and reconstructs the phase shift of new domain. From the investigation of phase shift induced by the domain inversion, the analysis of domain nucleation is performed. When the electric field exceeds a certain threshold value, the preferential domain nucleation is achieved instantaneously at the focal spot during the combined actions of irradiation and external fields. The nucleation fields have a systematic decrease with increasing laser intensity, and reach an effective saturation at higher intensities. The reduction proportions obtained in the second scheme are lower than those in the first one with the same intensity, and the saturation values at higher intensities are the same in both schemes. We attribute the instantaneous effect of laser-induced domain nucleation to the space charge field, and the saturation value at higher intensities is related to the saturation of the space charge field. The formation of instantaneous effect and corresponding physical explanation based on space charge field are present.

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“…Light-induced domain patterning may be a suitable technique to overcome this size limitation. Previous lightassisted poling experiments which take advantage of an ultraviolet-light-induced change in the coercive field to transfer a patterned light distribution into an equivalent domain structure in bulk crystals have already been reported for undoped and MgO-doped lithium niobate [9][10][11] crystals. The use of focused visible laser light, which has the effect of reducing the coercive field through a light-induced space charge field, has recently been demonstrated to directly write domain structures of ϳ2 m dimensions in undoped lithium niobate crystals.…”

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confidence: 99%

Light-induced order-of-magnitude decrease in the electric field for domain nucleation in MgO-doped lithium niobate crystals

Sones

Wengler

Valdivia

et al. 2005

Applied Physics Letters

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We report an order-of-magnitude reduction in the electric field required for domain nucleation in 1 mol % MgO-doped near-stoichiometric and 5 mol % MgO-doped congruently grown lithium niobate crystals induced by illumination from a focused continuous wave laser beam at wavelengths of 514, 488, and 457 nm. A smaller decrease of 31% is also observed for undoped congruently grown crystals. The effect is independent of the visible wavelengths explored. Periodically poled lithium niobate ͑PPLN͒ has been successfully exploited for various quasi-phase-matched nonlinear applications.1 The efficiency of the quasi-phase-matching is limited, however, by the susceptibility of congruently grown lithium niobate to photorefractive damage 2,3 induced during room temperature operation with high power and short-pulsed lasers, restricting the applicability of congruently grown lithium niobate. This limitation can be significantly reduced by the use of magnesium-doped ͑MgO-doped͒ lithium niobate which exhibits a higher resistance to such photorefractive effects, 4,5 a lower coercive field for ferroelectric domain reversal, 6 and comparable nonlinear optical coefficients 7 for use in frequency conversion processes. 8Electric field poling with structured electrodes is a routinely employed technique for fabrication of PPLN, but the period lengths obtainable with this technique are currently limited to a few micrometers. However, many applications require smaller structures, hence alternative methods for domain patterning are currently under investigation in our laboratory. Light-induced domain patterning may be a suitable technique to overcome this size limitation. Previous lightassisted poling experiments which take advantage of an ultraviolet-light-induced change in the coercive field to transfer a patterned light distribution into an equivalent domain structure in bulk crystals have already been reported for undoped and MgO-doped lithium niobate 9-11 crystals. The use of focused visible laser light, which has the effect of reducing the coercive field through a light-induced space charge field, has recently been demonstrated to directly write domain structures of ϳ2 m dimensions in undoped lithium niobate crystals. 12Here we investigate the influence of the illumination by visible light from an Ar-ion laser on the electric field required to induce domain nucleation ͑nucleation field͒ in MgO-doped and undoped lithium niobate crystals. Domain nucleation is defined here as the first observation of 180°i nverted domain seeds that subsequently extend through the crystal on further application of an electric field. It is worth noting that the nucleation field is less than the coercive field, which is often defined by a poling current exceeding some arbitrary threshold, as in Ref. 11.Several types of commercially available z-cut single crystal lithium niobate samples from different crystal suppliers were investigated. The two types of congruently grown crystals used were 300-m-thick undoped ͑YamPure͒ and 500-m-thick 5 mol % MgO-doped ͑YamM...

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Impact of ultraviolet light on coercive field, poling dynamics and poling quality of various lithium niobate crystals from different sources

Cited by 56 publications

References 22 publications

Radiation-damage-assisted ferroelectric domain structuring in magnesium-doped lithium niobate

Radiation-damage-assisted ferroelectric domain structuring in magnesium-doped lithium niobate

Laser-induced preferential domain nucleation in hafnium-doped congruent LiNbO 3 crystal

Light-induced order-of-magnitude decrease in the electric field for domain nucleation in MgO-doped lithium niobate crystals

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