Impact of Urban Land Uses and Activities on the Ambient Air Quality in Klang Valley, Malaysia From 2014 to 2020

Abstract

Ambient air in the urban area normally is more polluted than less developed areas. This is due to the concentration of urban activities, such as industrial, transportations and commercial or business activities. A study about the impact of urban land uses and activities on the levels of air pollutants in Malaysia’s most urbanised and most developed region that is Klang Valley was conducted. Data of Air Pollutant Index (API) and average concentration of selected air pollutants were used to analyse the ambient air quality of the selected five (5) cities or towns in Klang Valley. The air quality condition of the five (5) cities or towns were related to the land use distributions of the cities or towns with a purpose to understand the impact of land uses on the ambient air quality. Furthermore, the changes of ambient air quality before and after Movement Control Order (MCO) were analysed to examine the impact of human activity changes on the ambient air quality. The study found that a city or a town with more industrial and transportation land uses with fewer greens was more polluted than the area with less industrial and transportation land uses with more greens. However, this finding did not apply to all areas due to effect of winds on the distribution of air pollutants. Besides that, because of MCO, most people stayed at home with the mode of “work from home” that caused air pollutant levels in urban areas to decrease due to less urban activities. Nevertheless, there was a risk of an increase in air pollution levels in residential areas due to the concentration of activities, especially driving motor vehicles in residential areas. A recommendation is given to encourage “work from home” and reduce dependency on auto-mobile in residential areas in order to improve the air quality in urban areas.

Telework, Hybrid Work and the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals: Towards Policy Coherence

“…Deaths from air pollution (3.9): Globally, 9 out of 10 people breathe air that exceeds WHO pollution guidelines and, as a result, 4.2 million deaths occur each year as a result of exposure to ambient air pollution [189]. Several studies have shown that when telework reduces traffic and congestion, it also has considerable benefits in terms of improved air quality [6,7,[75][76][77][78]. However, some of these results are likely conflated by the current lockdowns, which have made the telework scenario more extreme.…”