Impact of Urbanization and Climate Change on Urban Flooding: A case of the Kathmandu Valley

Pradhan-Salike, Inu; Pokharel, Jiba Raj

doi:10.5027/jnrd.v7i0.07

Cited by 32 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Climate change has made a significant impact on the land ( Miller and Hutchins, 2017 ), as global warming triggers moisture concentration in the warmer atmosphere which in turn increases the intensity of rainfall events ( Zhou et al., 2017 ). This increase in the frequency and intensity of rainfall causes rainfall extremes and has resulted in the rapid onset of flooding especially in areas with inadequate or badly maintained drainages ( Garssen et al., 2015 ; Pradhan-salike & Pokharel, 2017 ; Pregnolato et al., 2017 ). These extreme events have been recently recorded in areas that have no previous history of such events as heavy rainfall events is increasing in more land areas when compared to areas where they decreased ( Hettiarachchi et al., 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A GIS based flood vulnerability modelling of Anambra State using an integrated IVFRN-DEMATEL-ANP model

Chukwuma¹,

Okonkwo²,

Ojediran³

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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Flooding is a major environmental problem facing Anambra State of Nigeria, which also threatens food security in the state. To address this issue, continual flood vulnerability mapping exploring more efficient methods is needed to facilitate flood risk management in the state. The advantages of employing spatial information technologies such as Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) in flood vulnerability mapping has been widely documented; the limitations of employing GIS alone in effective vulnerability analysis have also been documented by researchers. To overcome these limitations, this study adopted the use of GIS and the integration of Interval Value Fuzzy Rough Number (IVFRN), Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL), and Analytical Network Process (ANP) method in vulnerability assessment of flood hazard. The result of the study shows that the state is very vulnerable to flood with 73% of the total area of the state lying between Very High and Medium vulnerable zones. The most vulnerable Local Government Area (LGA) in the State is Anambra West with 95% of the total area of the LGA lying between Very High and Medium vulnerable zones. Furthermore, the obtained values ofR ÀD show that Rainfall Intensity factor is the major cause of flood in the study area with the highest positive value of 1.55 and Soil factor is the major effect with the highest negative value of -0.93. The IVFRN-DEMATEL-ANP assessment model was validated using AUC-ROC method; an AUC value of 0.946 was obtained, this indicates that the model has excellent prediction accuracy. This study was able to establish the feasibility of integrating the IVFRN, DEMATEL and ANP methods in flood vulnerability assessment. It is recommended that the provision of adequate drainage systems should be prioritized to areas of high flood vulnerability index; to help mitigate flood hazards in the State. Also, strategic planning of infrastructures and emergency routes for moving people and key assets from vulnerable areas especially during the rainy season should be geospatialbased and systematic.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A GIS based flood vulnerability modelling of Anambra State using an integrated IVFRN-DEMATEL-ANP model

Chukwuma¹,

Okonkwo²,

Ojediran³

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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“…The consequence is, in the case of flooding, that a relatively large number of people are possibly affected, although the location of buildings serves a fundamental role in attracting developers and people to certain areas such as riversides and coastal areas. However, not only due to their proximity to water but also because of the soil condition, these areas are usually more vulnerable to flooding [47]. Urban densification is increasing rapidly, and together with inadequate urban drainage design and aging of infrastructure, people and their property are endangered to flood risks [25,48].…”

Section: Urban Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Triple Factors on Flash Flood Vulnerability in Egypt: Urban Growth, Extreme Climate, and Mismanagement

et al. 2020

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Urban growth, extreme climate, and mismanagement are crucial controlling factors that affect flood vulnerability at wadi catchments. Therefore, this study attempts to understand the impacts of these three factors on the flash flood vulnerability in different climatic regions in Egypt. An integrated approach is presented to evaluate the urban growth from 1984 to 2019 by using Google Images and SENTINEL-2 data, and to develop hazard maps by using a rainfall-runoff-inundation model (RRI). Annual rainfall trend analysis was performed to evaluate the temporal variability trend. The hazard maps that were created were classified into three categories (low, medium, and high) and integrated with the urban growth maps to evaluate the impacts on the flood-vulnerable areas. The results show a significant increase in urban growth resulting in an increase of prone areas for flood hazards over time. However, the degree of this hazard is mainly related to growth directions. Mismanagement affects urban growth directions in both planned and unplanned growth, whether by loss of control over unplanned growth or by deficiencies in approved plans. The rainfall analysis showed that there is no explicit relationship to increases or decreases in the flood vulnerable areas. An urban planning approach is recommended for risk reduction management based on a comprehensive study considering such factors.

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“…Many studies have investigated the impact of urbanization on flood events (e.g., [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]). According to the findings in the study by Agbola et al [6], besides prolonged rainfalls and river overflows, there are anthropogenic factors of flooding.…”

Section: Relevance Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ranking of Illegal Buildings Close to Rivers: A Proposal, Its Implementation and Preliminary Validation

Felice

2019

IJGI

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Illegal buildings (IBs) are a dramatic problem in developing countries due to the population explosion, but, at the same time, they represent an unsolved issue in several states usually called advanced (as, for instance, Italy). To protect the environment, and hence, people, land authorities must respond to the challenge of IBs by demolishing them. However, in countries where the phenomenon is extended, it is indispensable to provide those figures with an IT tool that returns to them an order of demolition. Through remote sensing methods, suspicious buildings can be identified with a good approximation, but they are all ex aequo. The research summarized in this paper formalizes a two-steps method to deal with a specific category of IBs, namely, those that are close to rivers. These buildings are of special interest to land authorities because people living or simply working inside them are exposed to the flood hazard that each year claims many victims all over the world. The first step of the method computes the census of the IBs located close to rivers, while the second step computes the ranking of these buildings. The ranking may be used as the IBs demolition order. In the paper, it is also proposed the structure of a Spatial DataBase (briefly, SDB) that is suitable to store the input data necessary to solve the problem, as well as the final ranking. Spatial SQL queries against the SDB implement the proposed two-steps method. A real case study was carried out to make a preliminary validation of the method.

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Impact of Urbanization and Climate Change on Urban Flooding: A case of the Kathmandu Valley

Cited by 32 publications

References 8 publications

A GIS based flood vulnerability modelling of Anambra State using an integrated IVFRN-DEMATEL-ANP model

A GIS based flood vulnerability modelling of Anambra State using an integrated IVFRN-DEMATEL-ANP model

Impacts of Triple Factors on Flash Flood Vulnerability in Egypt: Urban Growth, Extreme Climate, and Mismanagement

Ranking of Illegal Buildings Close to Rivers: A Proposal, Its Implementation and Preliminary Validation

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