Impact of vaccination on the molecular epidemiology and evolution of group A rotaviruses in Latin America and factors affecting vaccine efficacy

Bucardo, Filemón; Nordgren, Johan

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2015.06.013

Cited by 17 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…In addition to G2P[4], also G2P[6] was detected which is in accordance with previous data from African countries but contrary to studies from Europe and the Americas where the G2P[4] genotype combination is highly predominant and G2 with P[6] is unusual . This difference was also reflected in the present study by the VP4 and VP7 sequences of RVA/Human‐wt/NGA/14‐G0999/2013/G2P[4] that were most similar to strains from Asia and Europe, while the VP4 and VP7 sequences of G2P[6] were closely related to African strains.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…[27][28][29] In addition to G2P [4], also G2P [6] was detected which is in accordance with previous data from African countries but contrary to studies from Europe and the Americas where the G2P [4] genotype combination is highly predominant and G2 with P[6] is unusual. 19,20,23,24,27,30,31 This difference was also reflected in the present study by the VP4 and VP7 sequences of RVA/Human-wt/NGA/14-G0999/2013/G2P [4] that were most similar to strains from Asia and Europe, while the VP4 and VP7 sequences of G2P [6] were closely related to African strains. Compared to RV1 and RV5, the amino acid changes in antigenic epitopes of OP354-like strains, G2 strains and the G3 strain found in the present study were also detected in studies from Brazil, Belgium, Nicaragua, and Tunisia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

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Group A rotaviruses circulating prior to a national immunization programme in Nigeria: Clinical manifestations, high G12P[8] frequency, intra‐genotypic divergence of VP4 and VP7

Japhet¹,

Famurewa²,

Iturriza‐Gómara

et al. 2017

Journal of Medical Virology

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Nigeria having approximately 50 000 Rotavirus A (RVA) deaths annually is yet to introduce RVA vaccine into routine national immunization; therefore surveillance of RVA strains circulating before vaccine introduction is essential in evaluating impact of the intervention. Stool samples and sociodemographic data of diarrhoeic children, <5 years were collected between August 2012 and December 2013. While a high prevalence of RVA infection (47.6%; 49/103) was observed by quantitative reverse transcription real time PCR, only 25% (26/103) had high RVA genome concentrations and were antigen positive. G and P types were obtained for 31 and 37 samples respectively. G12P[8] strains were predominant (30.6%; 16/31); Other genotypes found included G9, G3, G2 and P[4], P[6], P[8]. A G12 + G2/P[8] + P[6] mixed infection was detected. The P[8] genotype showed divergence with strains distributed in lineage III and IV. Compared to the vaccines, changes in antigenic sites of VP8* and VP7 were found. The finding of the G2P[6] genotype combination and emergence of G12 strains support observations in most of the recent RVA studies from Africa. P[6] is common in many African countries, in contrast to countries in Europe and the Americas. In conclusion, this study shows the circulation of other RVA genotypes compared to the common RVA genotypes in Nigeria. PCR results should be interpreted with caution to avoid significant bias from samples with low RVA genome concentrations. These findings provide important information on the detection and molecular epidemiology of RVA prior to vaccination and contribute as a baseline for future evaluations after possible vaccine introduction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Group A rotaviruses circulating prior to a national immunization programme in Nigeria: Clinical manifestations, high G12P[8] frequency, intra‐genotypic divergence of VP4 and VP7

Japhet¹,

Famurewa²,

Iturriza‐Gómara

et al. 2017

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Moreover, it was observed in Nicaragua and Brazil that the period of G2P[4] predominance after vaccine introduction was followed by a marked decreased circulation of this genotype [Gurgel et al, ]. Similarly, in Colombia G2P[4] was the predominant RV genotype both before and after Rotarix introduction but decreased in the following successive years [Bucardo and Nordgren, ]. Therefore, the finding of G2P[4] increase in our study may be related to vaccine introduction or simply reflects natural strain diversity during the study period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

“…Therefore, it became clear that the RV vaccine is achieving its primary goal of significantly decreasing the incidence of RVA‐AG and severe cases of diarrhea. However, in countries with a moderately good vaccine efficacy, such as Nicaragua, a large burden of diarrhea persists after vaccine introduction [Bucardo and Nordgren, ]. The reasons for the vaccine failures are not known and are probably multifactorial; plausible reasons include general health status, malnourishment, RVA strain diversity, concomitant infections, and host genetic factors [Desselberger, ; Kandasamy et al, ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies argued that the increased prevalence of G2P[4] is not directly related to selective pressure generated by RV and could be due to natural genotype fluctuation [Gurgel et al, ; Carvalho‐Costa et al, ; Matthijnssens et al, ; Gomez et al, ]. Therefore, continuous surveillance studies in the post‐vaccination period are crucial in order to collect epidemiological data on vaccine impact on RVA genetics, identify the effects of the vaccine program on circulating strains, particularly on dominant genotypes and the emergence of unusual strains, and identify possible uncommon events and genetic diversity between vaccine and circulating strains [Steyer et al, ; Velasquez et al, ; Bucardo and Nordgren, ]. In Saudi Arabia, previous studies have investigated the prevalence of RVA‐AG and epidemiological patterns of RVA genotypes in different regions during the pre‐vaccination era and data after Rotarix® introduction in the NIP are completely absent [Kheyami, ; Afifi and Nabih, ; Aly et al, ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of group A rotavirus infection after the introduction of monovalent vaccine in the National Immunization Program of Saudi Arabia

Al-Ayed

Asaad

Qureshi

et al. 2016

Journal of Medical Virology

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This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of group A rotavirus (RVA) gastroenteritis and the distribution of the RVA genotypes as well as to determine a possible change in the age of occurrence of the RVA infection in the first 2 years after Rotarix® vaccine introduction in Saudi Arabia. This descriptive study included 850 hospitalized children <5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis (AG) between October 2013 and September 2015. Overall, 78 (9.2%) children were positive for RVA during the study period with a positivity rate ranging from 11.3% in the first year of the study to 6.8% in the second year. G1 (47.4%) was the predominant G type, followed by G2 (28.2%) and G9 (10.3%). The most common P type was P[8] (69.2%) followed by P[4] (25.6%). The decrease in the prevalence of G1P[8] from 51% to 37.1% was associated with an increase in the prevalence of G2P[4] from 21.6% to 33.3% during the 2-year study period. This study demonstrated a significant decrease in the prevalence of RVA-AG cases in the first 2-year period after vaccine introduction, especially in the age group between 1 and 12 months, and a reduction in the circulation of G1P[6]. The parallel rise and spread of G2P[4] in post-vaccination period might pose an impact to long-term vaccine efficacy. Continued surveillance studies in different Saudi regions are crucial to document the effectiveness of Rotarix® vaccine and evaluate the potential emergence of rare/novel RVA genotypes. J. Med. Virol. 89:429-434, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Evaluation of the immunogenicity of a recombinant HSV-1 vector expressing human group C rotavirus VP6 protein

Rota

Palacios

Temprana

et al. 2018

Journal of Virological Methods

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Group C Rotavirus (RVC) has been associated globally with sporadic outbreaks of gastroenteritis in children and adults. RVC also infects animals, and interspecies transmission has been reported as well as its zoonotic potential. Considering its genetic diversity and the absence of effective vaccines, it is important and necessary to develop new generation vaccines against RVC for both humans and animals. The aim of the present study was to develop and characterize an HSV-1-based amplicon vector expressing a human RVC-VP6 protein and evaluate the humoral immune response induced after immunizing BALB/c mice. Local fecal samples positive for RVC were used for isolation and sequencing of the vp6 gene, which phylogenetically belongs to the I2 genotype. We show here that cells infected with the HSV[VP6C] amplicon vector efficiently express the VP6 protein, and induced specific anti-RVC antibodies in mice immunized with HSV[VP6C], in a prime-boost schedule. This work highlights that amplicon vectors are an attractive platform for the generation of safe genetic immunogens against RVC, without the addition of external adjuvants.

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Impact of vaccination on the molecular epidemiology and evolution of group A rotaviruses in Latin America and factors affecting vaccine efficacy

Cited by 17 publications

References 109 publications

Group A rotaviruses circulating prior to a national immunization programme in Nigeria: Clinical manifestations, high G12P[8] frequency, intra‐genotypic divergence of VP4 and VP7

Group A rotaviruses circulating prior to a national immunization programme in Nigeria: Clinical manifestations, high G12P[8] frequency, intra‐genotypic divergence of VP4 and VP7

Epidemiology of group A rotavirus infection after the introduction of monovalent vaccine in the National Immunization Program of Saudi Arabia

Evaluation of the immunogenicity of a recombinant HSV-1 vector expressing human group C rotavirus VP6 protein

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