Impact of varied combinatorial mixture of non-fishmeal ingredients on growth, metabolism, immunity and gut microbiota of Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) fry

Abstract

The search for suitable fish meal replacements in aqua-diets is a salient agenda in the constant effort of making aquaculture practices more sustainable. In this study, we tested four customised diets composed by systematic inclusion of pre-selected fish meal substitutes, lupin kernel meal, BSF meal, TH and PBM on growth, metabolism, cytokine profile, gut morphology and microbiota of juvenile Lates calcarifer. Five isoproteic and isoenergetic diets were prepared viz. FM100 as a control (without fish meal substitute), while FM75, FM50, FM25 and FM0 indicates replacement of fish meal (FM) at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, respectively by a mixture of four different pre-selected non-fish meal (NFM) ingredients. Fish fed FM100, FM75, FM50, FM25 exhibited consistent growth and haematological response, while the fish fed no fishmeal (FM0) showed significant decline in final body weight (FBW) and specific growth rate (SGR). The poor growth performance was correlated with a decrease in villous width, microvilli height and goblet cells density. A significant shift in abundance profile of Psychrobacter in the gut microbial profile of fish fed FM50 was noticed compared to fish fed FM100. The results of qRT-PCR showed up-regulated expression of innate immune responsive genes in the FM50 group. The adverse impacts on growth performance and gut health of fish fed FM0 suggest that the complete substitution of fishmeal is not advisable and the inclusion range of these alternatives should be decided for a species only after examining their effect on maximal physiological performance.

Medical Image Recognition Technology in the Effect of Substituting Soybean Meal for Fish Meal on the Diversity of Intestinal Microflora in Channa argus

“…Image recognition technology is the one that processes and analyzes medical images using computer technology to identify and extract specific regions and targets [ 12 ]. The research goal is to classify the objects in the images based on the observed images and make judgments, that is, simulate the human cognition and understanding process using a computer [ 13 , 14 ]. A general image recognition system is mainly composed of image segmentation, image feature extraction, and classifier recognition and classification [ 15 ].…”

Dietary supplementation of fish protein hydrolysate in high plant protein diets modulates growth, liver and kidney health, and immunity of barramundi ( Lates calcarifer )

“…However, no histopathological changes were observed in these organs in fish fed FPH-supplemented diets indicating that the bioactive properties in FPH might have improved LM diets by reducing the antinutritional factors that protect these tissues from deviation. The ameliorative effects of FPH supplementation in feeds containing alternate protein sources have been reported elsewhere (Chaklader et al, 2020;Egerton et al, 2020;Gupta et al, 2020). Irrespective of FPH supplementation, fermentation might have played a role in improving the quality of LM diets.…”

“…Irrespective of FPH supplementation, fermentation might have played a role in improving the quality of LM diets. Gupta et al (2020) found that fish fed fermented lupin diets had no observable negative effects in liver health of barramundi at 75% replacement of FM and FPH supplementation.…”

“…In recent years, several studies have been carried out to investigate the efficacy of lupin protein as an alternative to fishmeal in the diet of Lates calcarifer (Gupta et al, 2020;Ilham et al, 2018;Van Vo et al, 2015). In each of these studies, lupin meal was either used in raw or fermented form, with a focus placed mainly on growth potential.…”

Environmental consequences of using insect meal as an ingredient in aquafeeds: A systematic view

“…This requires nutritional fortification. 98 Blending insect meal or oil with other materials 96,[99][100][101] or compensating for deficient components in insect-based diets, for example amino acids, 84,102,103 essential FAs from microalgae and supplementing digestive enzymes 65 could allow the inclusion of higher proportions of insect ingredients, thus reducing dependence on marine fish resources.…”