Impact of Various Irrigation Levels on Growth, Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Wheat at Variable Temperatures

Abstract

to check the influence of various irrigation regimes on growth, yield and water use efficiency of wheat at variable temperatures. The treatments were comprised of three irrigation levels: I 1 = (irrigation at tillering, stem elongation, booting and grain development), I 2 = (irrigation at tillering, stem elongation and grain development) and I 3 = (irrigation at tillering and grain development) and two temperature levels viz. existing field temperature and an elevated temperature of 4°C above the existing temperature in controlled conditions. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in split plot arrangement with four replications with a net plot size of 1.32 m × 5 m. The results showed that the growth, yield and water use efficiency was significantly affected by various irrigation regimes and temperature variables. Growth and yield related traits were significantly higher when irrigation was applied at tillering, stem elongation, booting and grain development followed by I 2 (Irrigation at tillering, stem elongation and grain development). Similarly, growth, yield and water use efficiency was highest under normal existing field conditions. Among irrigation levels, water use efficiency and NAR was highest when only two irrigations at tillering and grain development were applied. In conclusion, at the face of declining water availability and in water deficient areas, water application may be done at tillering and grain development stage for achieving better Water Use Efficiency (WUE). However in water sufficient areas, water application at tillering, stem elongation, booting and grain development is recommended to achieve higher yields. Similarly, current climate change scenario resulting in temperature elevation will severely affects wheat yields.

Sustainable Yield Index in Some Mixtures

“…Legume component because of the ability to use the process symbiotic nitrogen fixation contributes to increase the nitrogen content in the mixture and nitrogen from biological nitrogen fixation is used directly by plants (Peeters et al, 2006;Graham, 2008). The use of the nutrients is very important for enhancing yield of crops (Khan et al, 2015;Asad et al, 2014). Sustainability of the yield, the content and amount of fixed nitrogen and other morphological or physiological parameters has been changed under coexistence of species in the mixtures.…”

Foliage Applied Zinc Improve the Growth and Productivity of Wheat

“…Importance of nutrients (micro and macro) for normal growth of plant is well recognized throughout the world (Asad et al, 2014;Khan et al, 2015). Nutrients are responsible for carrying out various metabolic processes and thus affect the yield.…”