Impact of Virtual Environments on Motivation and Engagement During Exergames

Schmidt, Steven; Ehrenbrink, Patrick; Weiß, Benjamin; Voigt-Antons, Jan‐Niklas; Kojić, Tanja; Johnston, Andrew James; Möller, Sebastian

doi:10.1109/qomex.2018.8463389

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Greater enjoyment of exercise and adherence are linked to the psychological experience of flow during physical activities [ 6 ]. Exergaming facilitates the flow experience by providing an opportunity to become easily absorbed in the goals and challenges in the game [ 7 , 8 ]. A combination of physiological and psychological benefits of physical activities makes exergaming an appealing strategy to encourage sedentary people to exercise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exergaming With Beat Saber: An Investigation of Virtual Reality Aftereffects

Szpak¹,

Michalski²,

Loetscher³

2020

J Med Internet Res

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Background Virtual reality (VR) exergaming has the potential to target sedentary behavior. Immersive environments can distract users from the physical exertion of exercise and can motivate them to continue exergaming. Despite the recent surge in VR popularity, numerous users still experience VR sickness from using head-mounted displays (HMDs). Apart from the commonly assessed self-reported symptoms, depth perception and cognition may also be affected. Considering the potential benefits of VR exergaming, it is crucial to identify the adverse effects limiting its potential and continued uptake. Objective This study aims to investigate the consequences of playing one of the most popular VR exergames for 10 and 50 min on aspects of vision, cognition, and self-reported VR sickness. Methods A total of 36 participants played an exergame, called Beat Saber, using an HMD. A repeated measures within-subject design was conducted to assess changes in vision, cognition, and well-being after short (10 min) and long (50 min) durations of VR exposure. We measured accommodation, convergence, decision speed, movement speed, and self-reported sickness at 3 test periods—before VR, immediately after VR, and 40 min after VR (late). Results Beat Saber was well tolerated, as there were no dropouts due to sickness. For most participants, any immediate aftereffects were short-lived and returned to baseline levels after 40 min of exiting VR. For both short and long exposures, there were changes in accommodation (F1,35=8.424; P=.006) and convergence (F1,35=7.826; P=.008); however, in the late test period, participants returned to baseline levels. Measures on cognition revealed no concern. The total simulator sickness questionnaire (SSQ) scores increased immediately after VR (F1,35=26.515; P<.001) and were significantly higher for long compared with short exposures (t35=2.807; P=.03), but there were no differences in exposure duration in the late test period, with scores returning to baseline levels. Although at a group level, participants’ sickness levels returned to baseline 40 min after VR exposure, approximately 14% of the participants still reported high levels of sickness in the late test period after playing 50 min of Beat Saber. We also showed that the participants who experienced a high level of sickness after a short exposure were almost certain to experience a high level of symptoms after a longer exposure. Conclusions Irrespective of the duration of exposure, this study found no strong evidence for adverse symptoms 40 min after exiting VR; however, some individuals still reported high levels of VR sickness at this stage. We recommend that users commit to a waiting period after exiting VR to ensure that any aftereffects have deteriorated. Exergames in HMDs have the potential to encourage people to exercise but are understudied, and the aftereffects of exergaming need to be closely monitored to ensure that VR exergames can reach their full potential.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exergaming With Beat Saber: An Investigation of Virtual Reality Aftereffects

Szpak¹,

Michalski²,

Loetscher³

2020

J Med Internet Res

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“…As shown, the use of HMD was fully immersive [22], [23], [24], [25], [26] compared to the other VR display. The use of a more immersive virtual environment of sport can improve motivation and participants ' cycling velocity [21].…”

Section: Figure 3 Frequency On the Presence Of Immersive User Experimentioning

confidence: 88%

A Review of Gamification in Virtual Reality (VR) Sport

Nor¹,

Sunar²,

Kapi³

2020

EAI Endorsed Transactions on Creative Technologies

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PURPOSE: To identify the main findings from research on gamified virtual reality in sport METHODS: The digital databases for this review were searched and visited on 19 May 2019. Gamification AND ("virtual reality" OR sports fitness) were used as a search string or keyword in the paper selection. RESULTS: Thirty -three papers were found after the preliminary searches to narrow down the selections that align with the goals of this study. The selected papers were examined to investigate the characteristics of gamification in a broad context of sports. These findings suggest that the use of gamification methods help physical exercise in the immersive VR setting. CONCLUSION: Through the outcomes of user experience, it can prove that gamification components are boosting the pleasure of the user throughout the physical activity and provide a set of rules to encourage the athlete or user to perform better. Besides, generality of impacts with VR and gamification in sports has been discussed in this paper by listing the advantages and limitations. However, findings need more varied populations, particularly elements, athletes, kids, and older people.

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“…During these moments, the visual perception of the environment interferes with the imagination and emotions elicited by the story, either reinforcing or contrasting them. With respect to this, VR environments congruent with the activity performed have been shown to affect users' attention and performance differently from neutral images (Neumann & Moffitt, 2018;Schmidt et al, 2018). In other words, the VR space can function as a reading setting that isolates the reader from the distractions of the physical world (such as mobile phone notifications, people passing by, etc.…”

Section: Literature and Virtual Realitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More generally, VR is a medium that increases enjoyment and motivation to engage in VIRTUAL REALITY AS A TOOL FOR PROMOTING READING 12 various activities, including learning (Cheng, 2017;Schmidt et al, 2018;Wei et al, 2019).…”

Section: Intention To Readmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual reality as a tool for promoting reading via enhanced narrative absorption and empathy

Pianzola

Bálint

Weller

2019

SSOL

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Abstract Reading fiction is beneficial for various social skills, although reading has become less and less popular with younger generations. This study investigated whether reading a chapter of a fictional story in virtual reality (VR) can make the reading experience more appealing and increase intention to read the story further. A between-subject experiment (N = 83) was conducted to compare the effect of a printed book and a VR reading environment on narrative absorption, empathy with fictional characters, and intention to read. The results show that VR enhances intention to read, via a serial mediation of transportation into the story world and affective empathy. These findings indicate that VR can be effectively exploited for promoting reading.

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Impact of Virtual Environments on Motivation and Engagement During Exergames

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Exergaming With Beat Saber: An Investigation of Virtual Reality Aftereffects

Exergaming With Beat Saber: An Investigation of Virtual Reality Aftereffects

A Review of Gamification in Virtual Reality (VR) Sport

Virtual reality as a tool for promoting reading via enhanced narrative absorption and empathy

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