Although the notion of self-disclosure has received wide attention since the new millennium, most studies on this topic focus on consumer disclosure, leaving unexamined if brands could benefit from self-disclosure. Therefore, the question remains unanswered if the positive effects of brand self-disclosure on important relational and transactional variables observed in other contexts than consumer-brand relationships would be observed if self-disclosure was made by brands. This study addresses this question, specifically discussing if brand self-disclosure can enhance brand trust and willingness-to-buy (WTB) through the mediating effect of brand intimacy. Results from two scenario-based experiments indicate that engaging in self-disclosure-that is, disclosing some information that was kept unknown so far-helps brands create intimacy and trust with consumers, leading these individuals to exhibit higher WTB. Further, results show that all selfdisclosures are not equal, and it is when the brand engages in the disclosure of positive (vs. negative) information that consumers perceive more brand intimacy, and this even more when such information is disclosed in an anthropomorphic manner. These findings thus provide consistent empirical evidence showing that brand self-disclosure-if providing positive information in an anthropomorphic manner-can serve as a critical tool for brands in their relationships with customers.brand anthropomorphism, brand intimacy, brand self-disclosure, brand trust, willingness-to-buy (WTB)
| INTRODUCTIONBrands have more than ever started sharing information that was previously not released to consumers. One particular type of such information pertains to the way products are made or what raw materials comprise them. This trend is particularly salient in the food service industry, with, for instance, McDonald's having revealed in the United States in 2014 how they make their French fries and nuggets. In 2015 in France, Ferrero divulged how they manufacture their Nutella products.Restaurants also have shared information about recipes and ingredients of dishes. For example, in the United States, in New Haven, Trinity Bar & Restaurant shared its butternut squash soup recipe and, in Wilmington, Goat Restaurant shared its mushroom soup recipe. Considering that it is not common for consumers to receive such information from brands about how their products are made, this deliberate brand self-disclosureor the act of revealing product information about the production process, which is usually kept private (Collins & Miller, 1994)-of such information might influence consumer perceptions and eventually consumer-brand relationships.