Impact of water vapor transfer on a Circum-Bohai-Sea heavy fog: Observation and numerical simulation

Tian, Meng; Wu, Bingui; He, Hao; Zhang, Hongsheng; Zhang, Wenyu; Zhaoyu, Wang

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.06.008

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Figure 8 shows the distributions of L a and N/C PM2.5 in different fine particle mass concentration intervals. For Case 2, Tian et al [25] found that before fog appearance, the supply of exogenous water vapor was sufficient, and specific humidity rised slowly. However, after fog appearance, there was no longer the transport of exogenous water vapor, and the local water vapor content decreases slightly compared with the early stage (figure is slightly).…”

Section: Interaction Between Fog Droplets and Atmospheric Fine Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In view of the frequent dense fog weather in North China in recent years [23][24][25], which has seriously affected aviation takeoff and landing. In order to improve the ability of fog modification, Tianjin Weather Modification Office introduced fog monitor equipment and environmental particle monitoring equipment to carry out microphysical observation experiments in the winter dense fog process in Tianjin, China, for the first time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fog Droplet Size Distribution and the Interaction between Fog Droplets and Fine Particles during Dense Fog in Tianjin, China

Liu

Wang

et al. 2020

Atmosphere

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From November 2016 to January 2017, there were large-scale dense fog processes in Tianjin area on the west coast of Bohai Bay, China, even strong dense fog with visibility less than 50 m occurred. Based on the observation data of fog droplet spectrum monitor, visibility sensor, environmental particle monitoring equipment and meteorological automatic station, the characteristics of fog droplet size distribution and the interaction between the fog droplets and fine particles during dense fog events were analyzed. The results show following characteristics: (1) The average concentration of fog droplets (Na), the average liquid water content (La) and the maximum liquid water content (Lmax) in the strong dense fog process are larger than those in the dense fog. The average spectrum of fog droplet size distribution conforms to Junge distribution, and they are all broad-spectrum fog with a spectrum width of about 45 μm. The average spectrum is similar to the dense fog of heavily industrialized inland in the world. (2) The maximum of fog droplet diameter during the formation stage have a good indication for the outbreak of strong dense fog. (3) The mass concentration of PM2.5 (CPM2.5) is ranged from 121–375 μg/m3, and the interaction between fog droplets and fine particles is analyzed. During the formation, development and maturity stages, fog process can scavenge atmospheric fine particles, and the scavenging efficiency of PM2.5 is more remarkable than PM10. When CPM2.5 does not exceed 350 μg/m3, the increase in the concentration of fine particles is conducive to the rapid growth of fog droplets and the sharp drop of visibility. However, when CPM2.5 exceeds the critical value, the increase has a negative feedback effect on the development of the fog process. More investigations and cases are necessary to fully assess the mechanisms related to the dense fog events in Tianjin area and further analysis will be done.

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Section: Interaction Between Fog Droplets and Atmospheric Fine Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fog Droplet Size Distribution and the Interaction between Fog Droplets and Fine Particles during Dense Fog in Tianjin, China

Liu

Wang

et al. 2020

Atmosphere

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“…3d2). The fog persisted for the whole day with the aid of moist advection (Tian et al 2019;Ju et al 2020a). Finally, the Tianjin region was affected by an anticyclone in the north-western region (Fig.…”

Section: Weather Scenario Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Boundary-Layer Structure and Turbulence on the Variations of PM2.5 During Fog–Haze Episodes

Zhang

et al. 2022

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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The precise cause of PM2.5 (fine particular matter with a diameter smaller than 2.5 μm) explosive growth and the contribution of intermittent turbulence to the dispersion of PM2.5 are uncertain. Thus, the impact of boundary-layer structure and turbulence on the variations of surface PM2.5 during fog–haze episodes, especially during explosive growth and dispersion episodes, are investigated using turbulence data collected at a 255-m high meteorological tower in Tianjin from 2016 to 2018. Results suggest that the explosive growth of surface PM2.5 during fog–haze episodes is closely related to weak turbulent mixing, nocturnal inversions, or anomalous inversions, and the barrier effect of strong turbulent intermittency. Turbulent intermittency acts as a lid for hindering pollutant dispersion and is favourable for the fast accumulation of surface PM2.5. Apart from the potential causes mentioned above, the persistent moderate south-westerly flow is also a contributing factor for the explosive growth of surface PM2.5 during fog–haze episodes associated with regional transport. In addition, we demonstrate a possible mechanism of how intermittent turbulence affects the dispersion of PM2.5. Results verify that intermittent turbulence induced by the nocturnal low-level jet (LLJ) indeed plays an important role in the dispersion of PM2.5. However, the contribution of intermittent turbulence generated by the nocturnal LLJ to the dispersion of PM2.5 strongly relies on the intensity of the nocturnal LLJ.

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“…In Liaodong Bay, for the atmospheric temperature above the sea surface was lower than zero, some water vapor rising from the sea surface could be condensed rapidly and formed fog or aerosol floating on the sea surface (Brooks and Thornton, 2018;Tian et al, 2019), which was not recognized as a cloud. Under the influence of northeast wind, referring to the wind field on 9 January in Figure 10, the excessive water vapor and small particles of sea salt were transported to the central Bohai Sea.…”

Section: Low-level Cloud Anomaly Along the Zbf In Period-iimentioning

confidence: 99%

Very-Short-Term Variations of Sea Surface and Atmospheric Parameters Before the Ms 6.2 Zhangbei (China) Earthquake in 1998

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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The Ms 6.2 Zhangbei earthquake occurred at 3:53 (UTC) on 10 January 1998, with its epicenter located at about 150 km northwest of Beijing, China. Over the past 2 decades, many studies have reported that there was a positive thermal infrared (TIR) anomaly appearing along the direction from the Bohai Sea to Zhangbei within 2–3 days preceding the earthquake, which was considered to be caused by the activity of the great Zhangbei-Bohai fault (ZBF) extending across the Bohai Sea to the southeast, while neither the TIR anomaly is convinced nor the mechanism is clear. A collaborative analysis of the atmospheric disturbances several days before, during, and after the earthquake was conducted by using satellite observations and reanalysis datasets with multiple parameters, including sea surface roughness, evaporation rate, atmospheric CO concentration, atmospheric sea salt concentration, and cloud base height above the sea surface, as well as satellite infrared cloud images. Through individual analysis of the change of each parameter and synergic analysis of multiple parameters, particular atmospheric disturbances, including the formation of strip-shaped clouds on January 7 and 9, were revealed over the ZBF and another great fault named Tancheng-Lujiang fault (TLF), which extends across the Bohai Sea to the northeast. After careful investigation and attribution analysis of the spatio-temporal evolutions of the atmospheric disturbances every hour above and around the Bohai Sea from January 7 to 12, we came to the conclusion that the particular strip-shaped clouds were low-level clouds caused by the seismic activity and submarine gas release from TLF but not ZBF and was forced by particular wind field and lowering boundary layer. As an aftereffect of the gas release from TLF and the formation of the localized low-level clouds of higher brightness temperature than that of the land surface, a positive TIR anomaly, thus, appeared above TLF and by chance along ZBF, preceding the Zhangbei earthquake.

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Impact of water vapor transfer on a Circum-Bohai-Sea heavy fog: Observation and numerical simulation

Cited by 19 publications

References 50 publications

Fog Droplet Size Distribution and the Interaction between Fog Droplets and Fine Particles during Dense Fog in Tianjin, China

Fog Droplet Size Distribution and the Interaction between Fog Droplets and Fine Particles during Dense Fog in Tianjin, China

Impacts of Boundary-Layer Structure and Turbulence on the Variations of PM2.5 During Fog–Haze Episodes

Very-Short-Term Variations of Sea Surface and Atmospheric Parameters Before the Ms 6.2 Zhangbei (China) Earthquake in 1998

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