Impact of wide-spread use of uninterruptible power supplies on Pakistan's power system

Ahmad, Ali; Saqib, Muhammad Asghar; Kashif, Syed Abdul Rahman; Javed, Muhammad Yaqoob; Hameed, Abdul; Khan, Muhammad Usman

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2016.09.039

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Based on typical use-case scenarios shown in Figure 1, it can be seen that conventional UPS systems are originally designed to provide backups when the grid is unavailable. The batteries are charged through the grid (if available) while there is no inherent provision of adding a supplement energy source [16,18]. Charging of batteries in these settings through solar panels is only available through maximum power point tracking (MPPT) charge controllers which can readily be integrated with batteries [39,40].…”

Section: Motivation Problem Statement and Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a grid is termed an 'intermittent grid'. Governments in many developing countries have also introduced price-based tariff schemes to lower the peak demand [18,19]. However, the overall demand in many countries is still considerably higher than the overall supply.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, industrial consumers also have specific load shedding patterns to plan their activities accordingly. For example, in Pakistan, the load shedding pattern for urban areas ranges from 6 to 8 h [18], while in rural areas the scheduled outage varies from 10 to 14 h/day [21]. Another study on load shedding in urban areas of India shows (for 73 days of measured data) a load shedding average of approx.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Grid Load Reduction through Optimized PV Power Utilization in Intermittent Grids Using a Low-Cost Hardware Platform

Nasir

Khan

et al. 2019

Energies

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Renewable energy incorporation in many countries takes different forms. In many developed countries, grid-tied solar photovoltaic (PV) installations are widely coupled with lucrative Feed-in-Tariffs (FiT). However, conventional grid-tied solutions are not readily viable in many developing countries mainly due to intermittent grids with load shedding and, in some cases, lack of net-metering or FiT. Load shedding refers to an intentional electrical power shutdown by the utility company where electricity delivery is stopped for non-overlapping periods of time over different parts of the distribution region. This results in a non-continuous availability of the utility grid for many consumers over the course of a day. In this work, the key challenges in the integration of solar energy explicitly in residential power back-up units are reviewed and system hardware level requirements to allow optimized solar PV utilization in such intermittent grid environments are analyzed. Further, based upon the low-cost sensing and real-time monitoring scheme, an online optimization framework enabling efficient solar incorporation in existing systems to achieve minimum grid dependence in intermittent grid environments is also provided. This work is particularly targeted for over 1.5 billion residents of semi-electrified regions in South Asia and Africa with the weak and intermittent grid.

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Section: Motivation Problem Statement and Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Grid Load Reduction through Optimized PV Power Utilization in Intermittent Grids Using a Low-Cost Hardware Platform

Nasir

Khan

et al. 2019

Energies

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“…For instance, according to one estimate, there are over 2.8 million UPS just in Pakistan. 33,35 UPS inefficiencies can waste 25% or more power, which is a significant concern for utilities and policymakers. 36,37 Therefore, there is a need to reduce this load from utility grids and allow efficient incorporation of solar PV in these settings for optimal system operation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal power dispatch in solar‐assisted uninterruptible power supply systems

Siraj

Awais

Khan

et al. 2019

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Summary Many countries in the developing world undergo regular power outages (scheduled and nonscheduled) due to lack of sufficient generation capability or transmission and distribution bottlenecks. Therefore, uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems are commonly installed to critical power loads during daily power outages. While the integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) with these UPSs has seen rapid growth in recent years, their incorporation in conventional topologies is highly suboptimal. Therefore, in this work, we formulate a mathematical framework for optimal solar PV integration with domestic UPS systems for minimum cost solution incorporating all relevant system constraints and requisite system losses. We also propose and develop a retrofitting technological solution to integrate solar PV with typical UPS systems for optimal system operation. Results show that the proposed methodology and system implementation can achieve cost savings of up to 40.6% compared with conventional UPS system (without solar) in typical scenarios. In addition, with the proposed optimized utilization of PV, the grid utilization is decreased by 75% compared with the conventional case where UPS is integrated with solar using standard maximum power point charge controllers. This work is therefore highly useful for many developing regions with intermittent grids.

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Ending the Energy-Poverty Nexus: An Ethical Imperative for Just Transitions

et al. 2022

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Arguments for a just transition are integral to debates about climate change and the drive to create a carbon-neutral economy. There are currently two broad approaches rooted in ethics and justice for framing just energy transitions. The first can be described as internal to the transition and emphasizes the anticipation, assessment, and redressing of harms created by the transition itself and the inclusion in transition governance of groups or communities potentially harmed by its disruptions. In this article, we propose a second approach to ethics and justice in an energy transition, which we describe as systemic or societal in scope. This approach complements attention to the proximate dynamics and impacts of the transition process with a focus on the distant societal and economic outcomes the transition brings into being and how they compare to conditions prior to the transition. It poses the question: do the transformative social, economic, and technological changes wrought by energy systems create more just societies and economies, or do they instead reinforce or recreate long-standing injustices and inequalities? We illustrate this approach with an assessment of one of the most significant existing forms of energy injustice: the energy-poverty nexus. We argue that the energy-poverty nexus reflects configurations of socio-energy systems that create complex, extractive feedbacks between energy insecurity and economic insecurity and, over time, reinforce or exacerbate poverty. We further argue that just energy transitions should work to disentangle these configurations and re-design them so as to create generative rather than extractive feedbacks, thus ending the energy-poverty nexus and creating long-term outcomes that are more just, equitable, and fair.

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Impact of wide-spread use of uninterruptible power supplies on Pakistan's power system

Cited by 26 publications

References 25 publications

Grid Load Reduction through Optimized PV Power Utilization in Intermittent Grids Using a Low-Cost Hardware Platform

Grid Load Reduction through Optimized PV Power Utilization in Intermittent Grids Using a Low-Cost Hardware Platform

Optimal power dispatch in solar‐assisted uninterruptible power supply systems

Ending the Energy-Poverty Nexus: An Ethical Imperative for Just Transitions

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