Impact of Xenobiotics Under a Changing Climate Scenario

Mishra, Virendra Kumar; Singh, Gurudutt; Shukla, Reetika

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816483-9.00006-2

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Once xenobiotics are released into the environment, they can bioaccumulate within the food chain due to their high affinity toward organic substances, and produce toxic adverse effects toward natural ecosystems, humans, and animals (Pedersen et al, 2003 ; Iovdijova and Bencko, 2010 ; Maurya, 2016 ). Consequently, they can cause severe chronic effects such as respiratory tract infections, damage to the immune system, pulmonary bronchitis, dysfunction of the nervous system, disruption of the endocrine system, behavioral and developmental disorders, and carcinogenic and mutagenic effects (Sajid et al, 2015 ; Zhu et al, 2017 ; Dinka, 2018 ; Catron et al, 2019 ; Mishra et al, 2019 ; Bertotto et al, 2020 ). Thus, xenobiotic contamination represents a persistent anthropogenic threat and raises serious environmental concerns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advanced Technologies for the Characterization of Xenobiotic-Degrading Microorganisms and Microbial Communities

Mishra

Lin

Pang

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

195

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Global environmental contamination with a complex mixture of xenobiotics has become a major environmental issue worldwide. Many xenobiotic compounds severely impact the environment due to their high toxicity, prolonged persistence, and limited biodegradability. Microbial-assisted degradation of xenobiotic compounds is considered to be the most effective and beneficial approach. Microorganisms have remarkable catabolic potential, with genes, enzymes, and degradation pathways implicated in the process of biodegradation. A number of microbes, including Alcaligenes, Cellulosimicrobium, Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Methanospirillum, Aeromonas, Sphingobium, Flavobacterium, Rhodococcus, Aspergillus, Penecillium, Trichoderma, Streptomyces, Rhodotorula, Candida, and Aureobasidium, have been isolated and characterized, and have shown exceptional biodegradation potential for a variety of xenobiotic contaminants from soil/water environments. Microorganisms potentially utilize xenobiotic contaminants as carbon or nitrogen sources to sustain their growth and metabolic activities. Diverse microbial populations survive in harsh contaminated environments, exhibiting a significant biodegradation potential to degrade and transform pollutants. However, the study of such microbial populations requires a more advanced and multifaceted approach. Currently, multiple advanced approaches, including metagenomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, are successfully employed for the characterization of pollutant-degrading microorganisms, their metabolic machinery, novel proteins, and catabolic genes involved in the degradation process. These technologies are highly sophisticated, and efficient for obtaining information about the genetic diversity and community structures of microorganisms. Advanced molecular technologies used for the characterization of complex microbial communities give an in-depth understanding of their structural and functional aspects, and help to resolve issues related to the biodegradation potential of microorganisms. This review article discusses the biodegradation potential of microorganisms and provides insights into recent advances and omics approaches employed for the specific characterization of xenobiotic-degrading microorganisms from contaminated environments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advanced Technologies for the Characterization of Xenobiotic-Degrading Microorganisms and Microbial Communities

Mishra

Lin

Pang

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

195

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“…Xenobiotic compounds are synthetic molecules which include halogenated hydrocarbon, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic biphenyls, and lignin [1,2]. They are biologically active compounds that are widely used in several drug and pesticide industries [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Bacterium from the Marine Environment for Trichloroacetic Acid Bioremediation

et al. 2020

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Halogenated compounds are an important class of environmental pollutants that are widely used in industrial chemicals such as solvents, herbicides, and pesticides. Many studies have been carried out to explore the biodegradation of these chemicals. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is one of the main halogenated compounds that are carcinogenic to humans and animals. The bacterium was isolated from the northern coastline of Johor Strait. In this study, the ability of strain MH2 to biodegrade TCA was evaluated by a growth experiment and dehalogenase enzyme assay. The growth profile of the isolated strain was examined. The doubling time for L. boronitolerans MH2 was found to be 32 h. The release of chloride ion in the degradation process was measured at 0.33 × 10−3 ± 0.03 mol∙L−1 after 96 h when the growth curve had reached its maximum within the late bacterial exponential phase. The results showed that the strain had a promising ability to degrade TCA by producing dehalogenase enzyme when cell-free extracts were prepared from growth on TCA as the sole carbon source with enzyme-specific activity, 1.1 ± 0.05 µmolCl−min−1∙mg−1 protein. Furthermore, the morphological, and biochemical aspects of the isolated bacterium were studied to identify and characterize the strain. The morphological observation of the isolated bacterium was seen to be a rod-shaped, Gram-positive, motile, heterotrophic, and spore-forming bacterium. The amplification of the 16S rRNA and gene analysis results indicated that the isolated bacterium had 98% similarity to Lysinibacillus boronitolerans. The morphological and biochemical tests supported the 16S rRNA gene amplification. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of this genus of bacteria to degrade this type of halogenated compound.

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“…The study of the effects of heavy metals and elements on the ecology of vertebrates is useful to understand their impact on behavior, reproduction, survival [ 29 , 30 ] and, consequently, to improve conservation management for several species [ 31 , 32 ]. Many species of Ardeidae are gregarious, and the distribution of colonies is strongly aggregated; as a consequence, they share relatively restricted foraging areas and may be exposed to potential risks when foraging habitats are polluted [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Low-Habitat Contamination Using Feathers of Three Heron Species as a Biomonitor of Inorganic Elemental Pollution

Canova

Sturini

Profumo

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The concentration of 12 elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn) has been investigated in the feathers of three species of Ardeidae, namely the Grey Heron Ardea cinerea, the Little Egret Egretta garzetta, and the Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis, all breeding at a colony located in the southern Padana Plain (NW Italy). This study is a first step for an evaluation of possible direct effects of these elements on chicks’ survival and growth rate. Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn were in the range 7–69 mg Kg−1, while lower levels of Pb, Ni, As, and Se (0.27–1.45 mg Kg−1) were measured. Co, Cd, and Cr were close to the method detection limits (MDLs) in all the species. The measured concentrations of the most abundant trace elements, such as Zn and Cu, seem to reflect the geochemical pattern of the background (running water and soil), while Hg concentration is lower and it appears to be biomagnified, particularly in Grey Heron feathers. Its concentration is higher in adults than in chicks, and it differs among the three species, as it is closely related to the fish-based dietary pattern. The measured trace elements’ concentrations are below the threshold levels in all the heron species, and consequently, harmful and acute effects on the local population are unlikely; the conservation status of herons populations in northern Italy is probably more affected by other factors, such as climate changes, altered aquatic environment, and, consequently, food quality.

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Impact of Xenobiotics Under a Changing Climate Scenario

Cited by 19 publications

References 63 publications

Recent Advanced Technologies for the Characterization of Xenobiotic-Degrading Microorganisms and Microbial Communities

Recent Advanced Technologies for the Characterization of Xenobiotic-Degrading Microorganisms and Microbial Communities

Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Bacterium from the Marine Environment for Trichloroacetic Acid Bioremediation

Evidence of Low-Habitat Contamination Using Feathers of Three Heron Species as a Biomonitor of Inorganic Elemental Pollution

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