Impact of Yeast-Derived β-Glucans on the Porcine Gut Microbiota and Immune System in Early Life

Vries, Hugo de; Geervliet, Mirelle; Jansen, Christine A.; Rutten, Victor P.M.G.; Hees, H.M.J. van; Groothuis, Natalie; Wells, Jerry M.; Savelkoul, H.F.J.; Tijhaar, Edwin; Smidt, Hauke

doi:10.3390/microorganisms8101573

Cited by 33 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 68 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…β-glucans have a direct effect on the human and animal immune system [ 1 ], and stimulate gut microbiota activity in the lower gastrointestinal tract. The effect on the gut microbiome has been observed mostly in vitro and in human [ 6 , 8 ] and pigs [ 7 , 9 ]. However, in our study, we observed no effect on bacterial diversity and structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike probiotics, few studies have been conducted to understand the effects of prebiotics on ruminants [ 3 ]. However, in nonruminants and humans, the effects are beneficial, such as promoting higher bacterial richness, higher abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus , immunomodulation, nutrient absorption effects, and an improved gut barrier [ 6 – 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Does algae β-glucan affect the fecal bacteriome in dairy calves?

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

β-glucans has been reported to be associated with many health-promoting and improvements in animal performance, however, information about their effects on the bacterial community remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate how the addition of β-glucans can affect the fecal bacterial community with possible consequences on animal growth and health. For this, newborn Holstein calves (n = 14) were individually housed in tropical shelters and blocked according to sex, date, and weight at birth and randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: (1) Control: milk replacer (14% solids, 24% CP, 18.5% fat); (2) β-glucans: milk replacer supplemented with β-glucans (2 g/d). All calves were bucket fed 6 L/d of milk replacer and received water and starter concentrate ad libitum starting on d 2. To evaluate the bacteriome, fecal samples were collected at weeks 1, 2, 4, and 8. The bacterial community was assessed through sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene on the Illumina MiSeq platform and analyzed using the DADA2 pipeline. No differences for Shannon and Chao1 indexes were observed for treatments, but both indexes increased with age (P < 0.001). There were dissimilarities in the structure of the bacterial community during the pre-weaning period (P = 0.01). In a deeper taxonomic level, Collinsella (Actinobacteriota), Prevotella (Bacteroidota), and Lactobacillus (Firmicutes) were the most abundant genera (9.84, 9.54, and 8.82% of the sequences, respectively). β-glucans promoted a higher abundance of Alloprevotella and Holdemanella, which may indicate a beneficial effect of supplementation on dairy calves. The bacterial community was highly correlated with the fecal score at weeks 1 and 2 and with starter concentrate intake at week 8. In conclusion, algae β-glucan supplementation could be beneficial to fecal bacteriome and consequently to the health and performance of dairy calves.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does algae β-glucan affect the fecal bacteriome in dairy calves?

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…β-glucans have potent immunomodulatory properties [reviewed in (40)]. For example, they are able to alter the gut microbiota and immune system of pre-weaned piglets when supplemented to the feed (23). Furthermore, in-feed supplementation of β-glucans after weaning led to a reduced susceptibility to F4 + ETEC infection in vivo (41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, a dose-dependent inhibition of human NK cell killing of different target cells by zymosan and a particulate yeast glucan was described (22). In pigs, an in vivo study suggested that oral delivery of yeast-derived β-glucans impacted on the number of proliferating NK cells (23). This might indicate that β-glucans also influence porcine NK cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β-Glucan-Induced IL-10 Secretion by Monocytes Triggers Porcine NK Cell Cytotoxicity

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Beta-glucans are naturally occurring polysaccharides present in cell walls of fungi, yeast, bacteria, cereals, seaweed, and algae. These microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) possess immunomodulatory properties. In human, it has been suggested that NK cells can be activated by β-glucans. Here, we aimed to elucidate whether β-glucans modulate porcine NK cell responses in vitro and if so, how these effects are mediated. We investigated the effect of two β-glucans, Macrogard and Curdlan, which differ in solubility and structure. Direct addition of β-glucans to purified porcine NK cells did not affect cytotoxicity of these cells against K562 target cells. However, when using PBMC instead of purified NK cells, β-glucan addition significantly increased NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. This effect depended on factors secreted by CD14+ monocytes upon β-glucan priming. Further analysis showed that monocytes secrete TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 upon β-glucan addition. Of these, IL-10 turned out to play a critical role in β-glucan-triggered NK cell cytotoxicity, since depletion of IL-10 completely abrogated the β-glucan-induced increase in cytotoxicity. Furthermore, addition of recombinant IL-10 to purified NK cells was sufficient to enhance cytotoxicity. In conclusion, we show that β-glucans trigger IL-10 secretion by porcine monocytes, which in turn leads to increased NK cell cytotoxicity, and thereby identify IL-10 as a potent stimulus of porcine NK cell cytotoxicity.

show abstract

“…Consequently, yeast β-glucan preparations have been popularly promoted as daily nutritional and medicinal supplements in humans to enhance immunomodulatory function (Stier et al, 2014;Jayachandran et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2020b). Furthermore, as effective antibiotic alternatives, yeast β-glucan has been applied in poultry production for its beneficial growthpromoting, strong immune-regulating, anti-inflammatory, antiinfective, and immune adjuvant effects (Cox et al, 2010a;Stier et al, 2014;Vetvicka and Oliveira, 2014;Moon et al, 2016;de Vries et al, 2020). Recently, several studies identified the prebiotic properties and health-promoting benefits of yeast β-glucan, which are facilitated by modulating porcine and murine gut microbiota as well as regulating intestinal immune responses (Sweeney et al, 2012;Charlet et al, 2018;Gudi et al, 2019;de Vries et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2020a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yeast β-Glucan Altered Intestinal Microbiome and Metabolome in Older Hens

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The prebiotics- and probiotics-mediated positive modulation of the gut microbiota composition is considered a useful approach to improve gut health and food safety in chickens. This study explored the effects of yeast β-glucan (YG) supplementation on intestinal microbiome and metabolites profiles as well as mucosal immunity in older hens. A total of 256 43-week-old hens were randomly assigned to two treatments, with 0 and 200 mg/kg of YG. Results revealed YG-induced downregulation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytokine gene expression in the ileum without any effect on the intestinal barrier. 16S rRNA analysis claimed that YG altered α- and β-diversity and enriched the relative abundance of class Bacilli, orders Lactobacillales and Enterobacteriales, families Lactobacillaceae and Enterobacteriaceae, genera Lactobacillus and Escherichia–Shigella, and species uncultured bacterium-Lactobacillus. Significant downregulation of cutin and suberin, wax biosynthesis, atrazine degradation, vitamin B6 metabolism, phosphotransferase system (PTS), steroid degradation, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, aminobenzoate degradation and quorum sensing and upregulation of ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, C5-branched dibasic acid metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, steroid biosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis, lysine degradation, and ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosyntheses were observed in YG-treated hens, as substantiated by the findings of untargeted metabolomics analysis. Overall, YG manifests prebiotic properties by altering gut microbiome and metabolite profiles and can downregulate the intestinal mucosal immune response of breeder hens.

show abstract

Impact of Yeast-Derived β-Glucans on the Porcine Gut Microbiota and Immune System in Early Life

Cited by 33 publications

References 68 publications

Does algae β-glucan affect the fecal bacteriome in dairy calves?

Does algae β-glucan affect the fecal bacteriome in dairy calves?

β-Glucan-Induced IL-10 Secretion by Monocytes Triggers Porcine NK Cell Cytotoxicity

Yeast β-Glucan Altered Intestinal Microbiome and Metabolome in Older Hens

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About