Impact Overlaps on Occupant Lower Limb Injuries under Car Frontal Crash

Xiao, Sen; Shi, Xuewei; Sun, Xiuxiu; Zhang, Hao; Ma, Weijie; Liu, Zhixin

doi:10.1007/s12239-022-0060-8

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 16 publications

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“…2 Most lower extremity injuries occur in the region below the knee and the thigh region, and the risk of femoral injury is serious. 3 Although the probability of death from injuries to the lower extremities is low, the physiological structure of the lower extremity is complex and can easily cause permanent injury. And the large geometric differences in the lower extremities of children, which can potentially lead to serious lower extremity injuries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the influence of geometric difference among rear child occupants on injury outcomes

Liu,

Xiao,

et al. 2024

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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This study aims to determine the influence of differences in geometric characteristics on lower extremity injury in frontal impact. Occupants with different lower extremity geometries were placed in the same impact environment, and the positioning angles of the lower extremities were consistent. After model validation, multiple sets of experiments were conducted. Responses to injury and kinematics of different lower extremities were compared, and the influence of lower extremity geometric properties on lower extremity injury was analyzed. Results showed that lower extremities with different geometric features produced different injuries and motion responses during impact. Long lower limbs with large femur-tibia length ratios had a wide range of motion. Additionally, the large femur-tibia length ratios increased the load transmitted by the foot to the femur and tibia, and the lower extremity was subjected to high-impact loading. The narrow femur and tibia were subjected to great compressive force and synthetic bending moments at both ends and had a large tibial index. The effects of differences in geometric properties on lower extremity biomechanical injuries can provide insight into lower extremity injury.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the influence of geometric difference among rear child occupants on injury outcomes

Liu,

Xiao,

et al. 2024

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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A Finite Element Human Body Model of Chinese Midsize Male for Pedestrian Safety Analysis

Mo,

Liang,

Tian

et al. 2024

J Bionic Eng

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Occupant safety and injuries in coach frontal collision: a literature review

Tingting,

Ripin,

et al. 2024

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Frontal collisions of coaches contribute to more than half of the total number of casualties in traffic accidents, making it important to study frontal collisions of coaches. This literature review covers regulations, injury criteria, and factors influencing occupant injury, primarily referenced national standards on seat stability, and occupant safety. Existing regulations such as these are important because they highlight the injury criteria for the head, neck, chest and lower limbs of occupants. Injury criteria outside of the existing regulations are also highlighted, particularly the need to include both linear and angular accelerations of the head. In addition, numerous factors within the interior structure of a coach can impact injury severities. The use of different restraint systems and alterations in seat parameters can have varying effects on different limbs of the occupant during accidents. The researches show that three-point seat belts are advantageous and can protect occupants’ heads and necks, both adults and children. At the same time, proper seat spacing, seat inclination and other seat-related parameters also influence the injuries to the occupant’s head and neck. For example, occupant head injury risk is high when the seat inclination is between 105° and 115°, and occupant neck risk is high when the seat inclination is 95°. Future studies should evaluate the less-covered areas of occupant safety such as the safety of driver and co-driver. This review highlighted the critical need to update and enhance regulatory requirements based on current research findings to reduce the risk of occupant injury.

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Impact Overlaps on Occupant Lower Limb Injuries under Car Frontal Crash

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Analysis of the influence of geometric difference among rear child occupants on injury outcomes

Analysis of the influence of geometric difference among rear child occupants on injury outcomes

A Finite Element Human Body Model of Chinese Midsize Male for Pedestrian Safety Analysis

Occupant safety and injuries in coach frontal collision: a literature review

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