Impact through time of different sized titanium dioxide particles on biochemical and histopathological parameters

Abstract

Due to corrosion, a titanium implant surface can be a potential source for the release of micro (MPs) and nano-sized particles (NPs) into the biological environment. This work sought to evaluate the biokinetics of different sized titanium dioxide particles (TiO2 ) and their potential to cause cell damage. Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with 150 nm, 10 nm, or 5nm TiO2 particles. The presence of TiO2 particles was evaluated in histologic sections of the liver, lung, and kidney and in blood cells at 3 and 12 months. Ultrastructural analysis of liver and lung tissue was performed by TEM, deposit concentration in tissues was determined spectroscopically, and oxidative metabolism was assessed by determining oxidative membrane damage, generation of superoxide anion (O2(-)), and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. TiO2 particles were observed inside mononuclear blood cells and in organ parenchyma at 3 and 12 months. TiO2 deposits were consistently larger in liver than in lung tissue. Alveolar macrophage O2(-) generation and average particle size correlated negatively (p < 0.05). NPs were more reactive and biopersistent in lung tissue than MPs. Antioxidant activity, particularly in the case of 5 nm particles, failed to compensate for membrane damage in liver cells; the damage was consistent with histological evidence of necrosis.

Migration of titanium dioxide microparticles and nanoparticles through the body and deposition in the gingiva: an experimental study in rats

“…Despite the kidney being exposed to the effect of NPs during ultrafiltration, the impact of NPs on the kidneys remains to be clarified (3). In previous work we also encountered deposits of NPs in the kidney, although they did not cause histological alterations (23). Nevertheless, some studies found NPs to cause glomerular edema and accumulation of protein in renal tubules, as a consequence of retention of TiO 2 particles (43).…”

“…Corrosion/tribocorrosion is not only a local problem because the particles released during the process can migrate to distant sites . In this regard, previous work conducted at our laboratory , using rats injected i.p. with 150, 10, or 5 nm APS TiO 2 particles showed the presence of foci of necrosis in liver sections at 3 and 12 months only in rats injected with 10 and 5 nm APS particles.…”

Histopathological evaluation of gingival tissue overlying two-stage implants after placement of cover screws

“…Anyway, further studies need to be done until the accuracy of this hypothesis is proved. [16] Bruno et al [17] hypothesized that due to corrosion, the dental titanium implant's surface can be a potential source of the release of microsized particles (MPs) and nanosized particles (NPs) into the body's biological environment. This work sought to evaluate the biokinetics of different sized titanium dioxide particles (TiO 2 ) and their potential to cause organ's cell damage.…”

“…This is why, the implementation of more clinical and laboratory studies for the detection of any adverse effects of titanium's particles on the body's cells is highly suggested. [17] Royhman et al [18] evaluated the corrosion effect of nicotine on Ti-6Al-4V under physiological conditions. It was hypothesized that nicotine in artificial saliva would have an adverse side effect on the corrosion of Ti-6Al-4V.…”

Biokinetics and tissue response to ultrananocrystalline diamond nanoparticles employed as coating for biomedical devices

“…Specifically, metallic titanium implants are a potential source of release of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) into the bioenvironment . It is well known that NPs have a greater surface‐to‐volume ratio than MPs, and are therefore biologically more reactive and potentially more harmful to human health …”