Impact Tolerance and Resulting Injury Patterns in the Baboon: Air Force Shoulder Harness-Lap Belt Restraint

Clarke, Thomas D.; Smedley, David C.; Muzzy, William H.; Gragg, C. D.; Schmidt, Robert E.; Trout, Edwin M.

doi:10.4271/720974

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Stress-induced injuries due to high loads have also been observed in animal experiments. Clarke et al (1972) demonstrated that baboons experience compressive vertebral fractures even at high deceleration levels (6.5 g–20 g), with fatal injuries primarily dependent on the magnitude of the peak rather than deceleration time. Hence, it is recommended that the inclination angle of the astronaut seat during the return of CE-5T1 be set below 30°.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different seat inclination angles on lumbar dynamic response and injury during lunar-earth reentry

Jin,

Wang,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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The inclination angle of the spacecraft seat is related to the astronaut’s reentry angle, which in turn affects the safety of the astronauts. This study quantitatively analyzed the effects of different seat inclination angles on astronauts’ lumbar spine injuries using the finite element method during the Lunar-Earth reentry. Firstly, a finite element model of the astronaut’s lumbar spine was constructed based on reverse engineering technology, and the effectiveness of the model was verified through mesh sensitivity, vertebral range of motion, and spinal impact experiments. Then, simulation calculations were carried out for different seat inclination angles (0°, 10°, 20°, and 30°) under the typical reentry return loads of Chang’e 5T1 (CE-5T1) and Apollo 10, and the prediction and evaluation of lumbar spine injuries were conducted in conjunction with the biological tissue injury criteria. The results indicated that the stress on the vertebrae and annulus fibrosus increased under both reentry loads with the rise of the seat inclination angle, but the increasing rates decreased. When the acceleration peak of CE-5T1 approached 9G, the risk of tissue injury was higher under the seat angle exceeded 20°. According to the Multi-Axis Dynamic Response Criteria for spinal injury, neither of the two load conditions would directly cause injury to the astronauts’ lumbar spine when the seat inclination angle was below 30°. The study findings provide a numerical basis for designing and improving the spacecraft’s inclination angle in crewed lunar missions, ensuring the safety of astronauts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different seat inclination angles on lumbar dynamic response and injury during lunar-earth reentry

Jin,

Wang,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…A dynamic overshoot value of 1.5 has been selected as the magnification of seat acceleration to the head acceleration; this is an average value based on dynamic tests of aircrew seats for the WI-60 Black Hawk helicopter. (Schall, 1989), automotive accident injuries (Foret-Bruno et al, 1990;Larder, Twiss, andMacKay, 1985), volunteer (Hearon andBrinkly, 1985;Ewing et al, 1983), cadaver test data (Cheng et al, 1982;Walsh and Kelleher, 1978), animal test data (Clarke et al, 1972), and manikin injury assessment values (Mertz, 1993), a neck tensile strength threshold of 4050 Newtons has been selected as the maximum limit. It is believed that risk of serious neck injuries exist above this limit for the Army aviator population.…”

Section: Shanahan and Shanahanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Issues for Helmet-Mounted Display Systems for Rotary-Wing Aviation.

Rash¹,

McLean²,

Mora³

et al. 1998

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Orders will be expedited-if placed through the librarian or other person designated to request documents from DTIC. Change of address Organizations receiving reports from the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory on automatic mailing lists should confirm correct address when corresponding about laboratory reports. Disuosition Destroy this document when it is no longer needed. Do not return it to the originator. Disclaimer The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official Department of the Army position, policy, or decision, unless so designated by other official documentation. Citation of trade names in this report does not constitute an official Department of the Army endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial items.

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Mass Requirements for Helicopter Aircrew Helmets,

McEntire¹,

Shanahan²

1997

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Impact Tolerance and Resulting Injury Patterns in the Baboon: Air Force Shoulder Harness-Lap Belt Restraint

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Effects of different seat inclination angles on lumbar dynamic response and injury during lunar-earth reentry

Effects of different seat inclination angles on lumbar dynamic response and injury during lunar-earth reentry

Design Issues for Helmet-Mounted Display Systems for Rotary-Wing Aviation.

Mass Requirements for Helicopter Aircrew Helmets,

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