Impacto de dos modalidades de entrenamiento con electroestimulación global de cuerpo completo sobre la composición corporal en corredores recreacionales durante periodos de desentrenamiento deportivo. [Impact of two whole-body electromyostimulation training modalities on body composition in recreational runners during endurance training cessation].

Abstract

La electroestimulación de cuerpo completo (WB-EMS) es una metodología de entrenamiento novedosa cuyo efecto sobre la composición corporal no ha sido estudiado en profundidad en población joven y físicamente activa. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el efecto de dos programas de entrenamiento con WB-EMS sobre la composición corporal, medida a través del Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), masa grasa (MG), masa libre de grasa (MLG) y densidad mineral ósea (DMO) en corredores recreacionales entrenados durante un periodo de cese parcial en su entrenamiento convencional y comparar el efecto de dos programas de entrenamiento con WB-EMS, funcional y periodizado para corredores vs no funcional y no periodizado sobre el IMC, MG, MLG y DMO. Participaron un total de 18 corredores recreacionales sanos (27,1 años; IMC= 23,2 Kg/m2). Los sujetos se distribuyeron al azar en tres grupos: (i) entrenamiento WB-EMS funcional y periodizado para corredores, (ii) entrenamiento WB-EMS no funcional y no periodizado, y (iii) grupo control. La composición corporal se analizó por antropometría y bioimpedanciometría eléctrica determinándose el IMC, MG, MLG y DMO. Los resultados del estudio ponen de manifiesto que el entrenamiento con WB-EMS (independientemente de la modalidad) produjo descensos significativos en IMC y MG (P<0,05), experimentándose una tendencia en términos de mejora de MLG sólo en el grupo WB-EMS funcional (P=0,053) al comparar con el grupo control, no observándose cambios en DMO. Por lo tanto, podemos concluir que un programa de entrenamiento WB-EMS produce mejoras significativas en la composición corporal en corredores recreacionales entrenados, específicamente en IMC y MG, y clínicamente relevantes en MLG únicamente en el grupo WB-EMS funcional.Palabras clave: WB-EMS, corredores, masa grasa corporal, masa libre de grasa, IMC. ResumenCorrespondencia/correspondence: Francisco José Amaro-Gahete Departamento de fisiología. Universidad de Granada. Spain Email: amarof@ugr.es Whole-Body-Electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) has become a new training tendency but its effect on body composition has not been thoroughly studied in young trained population. The principal aim of this study was to determine the effect of two types of WB-EMS training modalities (specific, functional and periodized for runners vs non-specific, non-functional and non-periodized on body composition variables, as body mass index (BMI) fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM) and bone mineral density (BMD) in recreational trained runners during endurance training cessation and to compare the effects of two WB-EMS training modalities, functional vs non-functional on BMI, FM, FFM and BMI. 18 healthy recreational runners (27.1 years; BMI= 23.2 Kg/m2) were randomized in three groups: (i) functional WB-EMS, (ii) non-functional WB-EMS and (iii) control group. Body composition parameters were assessed by anthropometry and bio-impedance and the variables measured were BMI, FM, FFM and BMD. Both WB-EMS modalities produced a significant decreases in BMI and FM (p<0.05) and it was...

Effects of whole-body ELECTROMYOSTIMULATION on health and performance: a systematic review

“…Thus, one group ran a marathon, and the other group underwent WB-EMS training. A similar experimental setup was noted in Amaro et al [39]. In this study, the two experimental groups performed strength exercises during their weekly session of WB-EMS, but the control group exclusively performed aerobic running throughout the study.…”

“…In another study [37] ( n = 41), the sample population included sedentary men but with a good health. In six other studies [38] ( n = 9), [39] ( n = 18), [40] ( n = 26), [41] ( n = 19) and [18, 32] ( n = 20), the subjects were trained men. In [42] ( n = 30 woman and n = 34 men), the participants where sedentary young people (20–25 years).…”

“…In Kemmler et al [33–36], the applied current was 85 Hz during the entire session. Amaro [39] applied the current following an undulating periodization model in which the frequency varied from 12 to 90 Hz. The chronaxie or pulse width was of 350 μs in all cases.…”

“…In the studies by Filipovic et al [28, 29] and Amaro et al [39], there is no evidence that there was a blinding of the evaluators, so a risk of bias exists. On the other hand, in three additional studies [38, 40, 41], the crossover design was used, so the complete sample was at the same time.…”

“…The results are presented partially in different articles in six of the experimental phases that are analyzed in this systematic review: Filipovic et al [28, 29], Test III [2, 16, 17], (W Kemmler et al [30, 31], Wirtz et al [18, 32], Kemmler [33–36] and Amaro et al [39]. This method could incur a possible risk of notification bias given the possibility that it is mistakenly understood that these are different experimental phases, which would magnify the results of the same study.…”