Impacts of Climate Change on Coast Line of Arabian Sea: A Case Study of Indus River Delta, Pakistan

Chandio, N. H.; Anwar, Muhammad Mushahid; Mallah, Q. H.

doi:10.26692/surj/2018.01.0026

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The recharge to the aquifers received through precipitation is very low [1]. The major source of recharge is the Indus River, which remains most of the time dry below the Kotri Barrage (a last barrage before the district) due to the construction of dams, reservoirs and hydropower projects on its upper side [10,27]. As a result, a significant amount of seawater intrudes into the aquifers converting fresh aquifers into saline.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of drinking water quality using the water quality index (WQI), the synthetic pollution index (SPI) and geospatial tools in Thatta district, Pakistan

Solangi¹,

Siyal²,

Babar³

et al. 2019

Desalination and Water Treatment

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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the quality of groundwater in the deltaic region of the Indus River in district Thatta, Pakistan. In the region, the groundwater is widely used for drinking purposes. Due to excessive abstraction rates of groundwater, a significant amount of seawater intrudes into the aquifers. The situation is, furthermore aggravated by dwindling flows of freshwater from the river Indus. Thus, groundwater samples (100) were analyzed for different physicochemical parameters. A number of water quality parameters crossed the WHO guidelines. The WQI model revealed that 8%, 57%, 20%, and 15% of the samples were good, poor, very poor and unsuitable for drinking purposes, respectively. Likewise, the SPI model indicated that 10%, 55%, 19%, and 16% were slightly polluted, moderately polluted, highly polluted and unsuitable for drinking. Though the model's input is different, the proportionate of ranking revealed a significant correlation (R 2 = 0.78) between the outcomes of both models. The geospatial mapping of physicochemical parameters, WQI, and SPI model outcomes indicated that most of the groundwater resource in the study area is contaminated, thus not suitable for drinking purposes. The methodology developed in this study is extendable to other similar environments in the world.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to excessive withdrawal of groundwater, a significant amount of seawater intrudes into the aquifers. The situation is aggravated furthermore by dwindling flows of freshwater from the river Indus and diminishing precipitation rates due to climate change effects [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of drinking water quality using the water quality index (WQI), the synthetic pollution index (SPI) and geospatial tools in Thatta district, Pakistan

Solangi¹,

Siyal²,

Babar³

et al. 2019

Desalination and Water Treatment

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“…The projected sea level rise of 180 to 590 mm will directly affect the Indus River Delta, which is the world's 5 th largest delta [17] with an active area of about 0.6 million hectares [18]. Due to dam construction and increasing water demand for irrigation and industry, the amount of freshwater flow into the Indus Delta significantly decreased [19][20][21]. As a result, saline water from the Arabian Sea is intruding into the delta at an alarming rate [20]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Dynamics of Vegetative Cover and Surface Water Bodies in the Indus Delta, Pakistan

Siyal

Babr

Siyal

2020

Mehran Univ. res. j. eng. technol.

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Under the current scenario of diminishing Indus River flows and changing the climate, the Indus Delta, the world’s 5th largest delta which has undergone rapid changes in water bodies and vegetative cover since last few decades, is under serious risk of losing its ecological functions. Assessing the temporal variation in vegetative cover and water bodies of the Indus Delta is essential for the future planning and ecosystem management in this region. The present study quantified the temporal patterns of the surface water bodies and vegetation cover, including crops, mangroves and other natural vegetation in the Indus Delta, by using field survey and remote sensing technique during the last 27 years. Results showed that the area covered by vegetation declined from 3002.35 km2 (22.98% of the entire delta) to 2817.03 km2 (21.56%) from 1990 to 2017, within which the area covered by mangrove forests declined from 1032.49 km2 (7.90%) to 812.55 km2 (6.22%). However, the area of water bodies increased from 1611.67 km2 (12.39%) to 3007.15 km2 (23.8%) in the same period. The reduction in freshwater flow to the delta, surface and subsurface seawater intrusion from the Arabian Sea and irrigation waters are the potential causes. The study would be helpful for policymakers to mitigate negative impacts and protect the ecosystem of the Indus Delta.

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“…In the past, the delta was counted as one the prosperous areas of Indus civilization, but now it is counted as poorest areas of Pakistan. Due to climate change scenarios, the delta is shrinking and degrading at an alarming rate [19][20]. Reduction of freshwater flows and entry of nutrient-rich sediments into the Indus River and resulting seawater intrusion into its delta have adversely affected the vegetative cover, flora, fauna, water resources, soil fertility, as well as socioeconomic conditions of the community.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Land Surface Temperature and Its Impact on the Vegetation

Solangi

Siyal

2019

Civ Eng J

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Due to global warming under climate change scenarios, Indus delta region of Pakistan is under serious threat since the last few decades. The present study was thus conducted to determine the spatiotemporal variations in the LST and its impact on the vegetation of the Indus delta, using satellite data for the past 27 years (1990-2017). The analysis revealed that on average, there was an increase of 1.74 oC in LST during the last 27 years. The temporal variation in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), an indicator of vegetation, showed the highest NDVI of 0.725 in the year 2005 followed by the year 2010 with NDVI of 0.712. While the lowest NDVI of 0.545 was observed during the year 2017. The LST was integrated with NDVI which showed a fair but negative statistical correlation with a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.65. A correlation analysis between NDVI and the yield of the wheat crop of the Delta showed a positive relationship with R2 = 0.89. Several factors may contribute to an increase in LST, such as an increase in residential areas, change in the cropping pattern and overall global climate change. Such studies are important for determining the climatic influences on ecological parameters.

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Impacts of Climate Change on Coast Line of Arabian Sea: A Case Study of Indus River Delta, Pakistan

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of drinking water quality using the water quality index (WQI), the synthetic pollution index (SPI) and geospatial tools in Thatta district, Pakistan

Evaluation of drinking water quality using the water quality index (WQI), the synthetic pollution index (SPI) and geospatial tools in Thatta district, Pakistan

Temporal Dynamics of Vegetative Cover and Surface Water Bodies in the Indus Delta, Pakistan

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Land Surface Temperature and Its Impact on the Vegetation

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