Impacts of Dietary Selenium Nanoparticles from Spirulina platensis on Growth Performance, Physio-Biochemical Components and Alleviating Effect against Cadmium Toxicity in Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract

Shrimp culture is quite important and popular across the world. This study aimed to evaluate the growth-promoting potential of synthesized selenium nanoparticles from Spirulina platensis extract (SP-SeNPs) as a food source for Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). However, pollution is considered a significant element affecting shrimp health and development. The effectiveness of SP-SeNPs in alleviating the negative effects of cadmium toxicity was also evaluated. Firstly, the shrimps (about 120 individuals with 6.0 ± 0.12 g of initial weight) were divided randomly into four groups in triplicates (30 shrimps/ treatment). The control group (SP-SeNPs—0 mg/kg diet) and three treatments were fed dietary SP-SeNPs (0.250, 0.50, and 1.0 mg/kg diet) for 56 days. Growth performance, digestive enzymes activities (protease, amylase, and lipase), and other biochemical components (total protein, lipid, amino acids, and carbohydrate) were evaluated. After 56 days of growth, another 150 adult shrimps were used under laboratory conditions to determine median lethal concentration of cadmium (96 h LC50), and 30 individuals were treated with cadmium (1/2 of LC50, 0.2 mg L−1) for 10 days only. Tissue samples were collected for measuring catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, cadmium bioaccumulation, and histopathological investigation. The results illustrated that the application of SP-SeNPs as feed additives at varying levels significantly improved growth performance (high weight gain, specific growth rate, and low feed conversion rates) relative to the control group. Furthermore, dietary SP-SeNPs enhanced digestive enzyme activities and the concentrations of biochemical components more than the control group. Upon concurrent exposure to cadmium, the antioxidative status was significantly enhanced, and histopathological alterations were mitigated. In conclusion, this study recommended supplementation of SP-SeNPs at 0.50 mg/kg diet to enhance optimal growth rate, digestive enzyme activities, levels of antioxidants in Litopenaeus vannamei, and mitigate the pathological alternations induced with Cd toxicity.

Dietary Selenium Nanoparticles Improved Growth and Health Indices in Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer) Juveniles Reared in High Saline Water

“…Also, supplementing the diet with SeNP increased protease activity in red seabream (1 mg kg −1 ) [ 17 ] and lipase activity in juvenile Nile tilapia (8 mg kg −1 ) [ 60 ]. Furthermore, protease, amylase, and lipase activities were significantly enhanced by supplementing diet with 0.5 [ 61 ] and 1.0 mg kg −1 SeNP in whiteleg shrimp ( Penaeus vannamei ) and Nile tilapia [ 62 ]. Moreover, dietary organic Se (0.2 g kg −1 ) supplementation enhanced amylase and protease activity in marron ( Cherax cainii ) [ 63 ].…”

Ameliorative Effects of Different Dietary Levels of Fish Protein Hydrolysate (FPH) on Growth and Reproductive Performance, Feed Stability, Tissues Biochemical Composition, Haematobiochemical Profile, Liver Histology, and Economic Analysis of Pabda (Ompok pabda) Broodstock

“…Alternative proteins in fish diet ensure long-term sustainability by reducing reliance on wild fish stocks, offering nutrition, and fostering environmentally friendly aquaculture practices. Additionally, researchers are looking to lower feed costs by replacing high-value dietary FM [7][8][9][10] with other bioactive substances and immunostimulants to enhance fish's overall productivity and immunity. Numerous scientists opted to substitute FM with secondary alternatives, such as plantbased proteins [5,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17], insects [18], and fish by-products [19].…”