Impacts of fiber orientation and milling on observed crystallinity in jack pine

Agarwal, Umesh P.; Ralph, Sally A.; Reiner, Richard; Moore, Roderquita K.; Báez, Carlos

doi:10.1007/s00226-014-0667-7

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…As the angle between the fiber and longitudinal directions of the specimen increases, the impact strength is reduced considerably. Agarwal and Narang [33] reported the same trend using glass fibers/epoxy composites. However, the drop in impact strength decreases when the angle between them is >308, where it is seen that the impact strength of composite materials is roughly the same as the impact strength of neat PP.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

Impact energy absorption of flax fiber‐reinforced polypropylene composites

2017

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This work investigates the effects of fiber content and fiber orientation on the impact behavior of flax fiber‐reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites. The laminates of various fiber contents were manufactured by a vacuum bagging process; their impact properties were then measured using Charpy (i.e., in‐plane impact load) and drop weight (i.e., out‐of‐plane impact load) impact tests. Experiments were conducted on a range of samples with different fiber volume fractions and orientations. The results show significant variations in energy absorption according to the variations in fiber orientation. Composites with differing fiber orientations exhibit different energy absorption for the in‐plane and out‐of‐plane impact loads. The maximum Charpy energy absorption is obtained for the case of 0° fiber orientation, with the energy absorption generally lying in the range of 25–171 J/m. For the out‐of‐plane impact, the composites containing 30° fiber orientation absorb the highest amount of impact energy, and they can offer a better impact resistance in terms of higher peak force. The energy absorption generally lies in the range of 20–32 J. It was found that the energy absorption increases with increasing fiber content in the former (i.e., in‐plane impact load) and decreases in the latter (i.e., out‐of‐plane impact load). Fiber orientations influence the crack propagation and failure mode of the composites. The outcomes from this study indicate that flax fiber‐reinforced composite could be a commercially viable material for lightweight, crashworthy, and impact‐critical structures. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:4165–4175, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

Impact energy absorption of flax fiber‐reinforced polypropylene composites

2017

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“…The crystallinity of the treated poplar was significantly increased and the crystallinity of the three sections has a significantly different increase (Table 3). The possible reason for the increase is that the increase of the crystallization zone is caused by the oriented arrangement of the microfibrils which indicates that the reaction of Cu with hemicellulose and lignin which is discussed in the FTIR result affects the degree of crystalline formation of cellulose aggregates in the wood [42]. In addition, the different characteristic structures of the three sections lead to different degrees of increase in crystallinity is consistent with the result in FTIR.…”

Section: Ftirsupporting

confidence: 73%

Hydrophobic Poplar Prepared via High Voltage Electric Field (HVEF) with Copper as Electrode Plate

Cui¹,

Ju²,

Hong³

et al. 2022

Journal of Renewable Materials

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In order to improve hydrophobic characteristics which will affect the service performance of fast-growing poplar due to growing bacteria in the humid environment. In this study, a simple method was proposed to treat poplar via the high voltage electric field (HVEF) with copper as the electrode plate. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and contact angle tester were adopted to evaluate the surface morphology, surface group of poplar, crystallinity and wettability under HVEF. It was found by SEM that a large number of copper particles were uniformly attached to the surface of poplar. In all three sections, the weight percentage of the Cu element was accounting for more than half. The diffraction peaks of copper-containing compounds appeared in the (XRD). FTIR analysis confirmed that the reaction between copper and poplar took place. The surface contact angle of three sections of poplar increased in the following order: cross section < radial section < tangential section (increased by 34°, 45°and 53°, respectively). An environmentfriendly and efficient method of HVEF treating fast-growing wood with copper as the electrode plate can promote its outdoor application.

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“…5.5 MultiRam indicates the FT-Raman instrument used for obtaining spectra. Subsequent investigations [226][227][228][229] indicated that this method is quite versatile and except for materials where significant fluorescence was generated upon 1064 nm laser excitation, estimation of crystallinity can be carried out quite reliably. Even in presence of water, 380-Raman method has been used to estimate crystallinity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current characterization methods for cellulose nanomaterials

et al. 2018

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A new family of materials comprised of cellulose, cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs), having properties and functionalities distinct from molecular cellulose and wood pulp, is being developed for applications that were once thought impossible for cellulosic materials. Commercialization, paralleled by research in this field, is fueled by the unique combination of characteristics, such as high on-axis stiffness, sustainability, scalability, and mechanical reinforcement of a wide variety of materials, leading to their utility across a broad spectrum of high-performance material applications. However, with this exponential growth in interest/activity, the development of measurement protocols necessary for consistent, reliable and accurate materials characterization has been outpaced. These protocols, developed in the broader research community, are critical for the advancement in understanding, process optimization, and utilization of CNMs in materials development. This review establishes detailed best practices, methods and techniques for characterizing CNM particle morphology, surface chemistry, surface charge, purity, crystallinity, rheological properties, mechanical properties, and toxicity for two distinct forms of CNMs: cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose nanofibrils.

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Impacts of fiber orientation and milling on observed crystallinity in jack pine

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

Impact energy absorption of flax fiber‐reinforced polypropylene composites

Impact energy absorption of flax fiber‐reinforced polypropylene composites

Hydrophobic Poplar Prepared via High Voltage Electric Field (HVEF) with Copper as Electrode Plate

Current characterization methods for cellulose nanomaterials

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