Impacts of granivorous and frugivorous arthropods on pre-dispersal seed production of western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis)

Global patterns in the predator satiation effect of masting: A meta-analysis

“… 81 , 82 ), we worked with the average; when data were presented for each site separately (e.g., refs. 83 – 85 ), we selected one site randomly or selected a site with the longest time series. While averaging across sites could be fine in some cases, in others, when study sites are too remote to be synchronized, averaging would flatten masting patterns and associated fluctuations in predation rates.…”

The ecology, history, ecohydrology, and management of pinyon and juniper woodlands in the Great Basin and Northern Colorado Plateau of the western United States

“…The frequency of large seed crops is variable among species, populations, and individuals. Despite the suggestion in the early literature that heavy seed production may occur annually in western juniper (Deal 1990), this is not the case in northeast California (Dimitri et al 2018) or other parts of the species range in the Great Basin (Rick Miller, Professor Emeritus, Range Ecology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, personal observation, 2018). Most species tend to produce large cone crops every 2 to 5 years and to mature smaller numbers of fruits in intervening years (Johnsen and Alexander 1974;Noble 1990).…”

“…Some species produce only a single (sometimes two) seed per cone (e.g., Utah juniper and oneseed juniper), others produce one to three seeds per cone (western juniper), while still others mature four to five or more seeds per cone (e.g., alligator juniper, also known as checkerbark juniper) (Adams 1993;Dimitri et al 2018). Ripe fruits can remain on the tree for 2 or even 3 years in some species.…”

Parallel paths in a miniature world

“…2009) led us to investigate the possible role of arthropod seed predators in limiting this spread (Dimitri et al. 2014, 2017, 2018, Tonkel et al. 2014, 2019).…”