Impacts of HIV Stigma on Psychosocial Well-Being and Substance Use Behaviors Among People Living With HIV/AIDS In China: Across the Life Span

Zhang, Chen; Li, Xiaoming; Liu, Yu; Zhou, Yuejiao; Shen, Zhiyong; Chen, Yi

doi:10.1521/aeap.2018.30.2.108

Cited by 23 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…HIV-related stigma may impact negatively on the uptake of HIV services as well as psychosocial well-being of PLHIV 1,15. The South African National AIDS Council (SANAC) has noted that HIV stigma and discrimination of PLHIV need to be tackled, and consequently commissioned a national PLHIV Stigma Index study 16.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Prevalence And Associated Factors Of Enacted, Internalized And Anticipated Stigma Among People Living With HIV In South Africa: Results Of The First National Survey</p>

Peltzer¹,

Pengpid²

2019

HIV

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BackgroundThis paper reports on the first national implementation of the “People Living with HIV (PLHIV) Stigma Index” in South Africa. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and correlates of HIV-related stigma in a large sample of PLHIV in South Africa.MethodsThis cross-sectional survey interviewed 10,473 PLHIV 15 years and older with the PLHIV Stigma Index in two districts per province (N=9) in South Africa in 2014.ResultsThe two most common enacted HIV-related stigma items were “being gossiped about” (20.6%) and “experienced discrimination” (15.1%); internalized stigma was ”blaming oneself” (30.5%) and ashamed (28.7%); avoidance due to internalized stigma was “decided not to have (more) children” (32.4%) and “decided not to get married” (14.9%), and the two most endorsed anticipated stigma were “being gossiped about” (28.6%) and not want to be sexually intimate (21.1%) Various sociodemographic factors, such as younger age, being female, lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) and lower wealth status, and health-related variables, such as poorer self-rated health status, having a physical disability, and not being a member of an HIV support group, were identified as associated with overall HIV-related stigma as well as several HIV-related stigma sub-scales.ConclusionThe majority of PLHIV had overall HIV-related stigma, almost half had internalized, or anticipated HIV-related stigma and a minority had enacted HIV-related stigma. Findings can be used to guide intervention programs to reduce HIV-related stigma in South Africa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Prevalence And Associated Factors Of Enacted, Internalized And Anticipated Stigma Among People Living With HIV In South Africa: Results Of The First National Survey</p>

Peltzer¹,

Pengpid²

2019

HIV

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“…These findings are similar with previous studies. For example, Zhang et al [ 38 ] argued that PLWH who experience discrimination are likely to have worse physical and psychological health status (e.g., distress and anxiety), which are highly related to inferior employment outcomes. Analogously, Su et al [ 26 ] asserted that social support can help reduce negative psychosocial consequences of the HIV experiences, thereby benefiting for superior employment outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We first found that older PLWH can better leverage the undesirable effects of negative self-image and workplace discrimination on employment quality. It may be explained that older PLWH are more likely to use adaptive coping strategy in dealing with burden from negative self-image and workplace discrimination compared with their younger peers [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What determines employment quality among people living with HIV: An empirical study in China

Chen

Huang

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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At the intersection of research areas on health and employment, little attention has been paid on employment quality among people living with HIV (PLWH). The objective of the current study is to identify critical factors and empirically examine their effects on employment quality among PLWH. Based on the social-ecological perspective, we identified negative self-image, workplace discrimination, social support, and policy support as critical factors associated with employment quality among PLWH. Thereafter, a questionnaire survey was conducted to gather information from 339 employed PLWH in China. Hierarchical regression analyses were further performed to analyze the effects of the identified factors on employment quality among PLWH. We obtained three main findings. First, negative self-image and workplace discrimination are detrimental to employment quality among PLWH; whereas social support and policy support are conducive to their employment quality. Second, older, male, and highly educated PLWH can better leverage the undesirable effects of negative self-image and workplace discrimination on employment quality compared with their peers. Third, male, and highly educated PLWH can better utilize social support and policy support to advance employment quality compared with their peers. However, the employment quality effects of the identified factors did not differ by marital status. Our findings provided some useful implications for PLWH, employers, community service providers, and policy makers to promote employment quality among PLWH.

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“…Although health care contexts should be "safe and protective" spaces, PLHIV are frequently subjected to refusal of care, irrational use of infection control measures by care providers [10][11][12], violation of their confidentiality, unconsented testing and disclosure of HIV status, and verbal abuse [10,[13][14][15][16], while seeking care. The detrimental effects of stigma on the health outcomes of PLHIV are well documented [17], such as higher risktaking behaviour [18,19], refusal to disclose the HIV status [20], low uptake of HIV testing, care and support services [21][22][23][24], and poor adherence to treatment [25][26][27]. Stigma also undermines the mental health and quality of life PLHIV [19,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detrimental effects of stigma on the health outcomes of PLHIV are well documented [17], such as higher risktaking behaviour [18,19], refusal to disclose the HIV status [20], low uptake of HIV testing, care and support services [21][22][23][24], and poor adherence to treatment [25][26][27]. Stigma also undermines the mental health and quality of life PLHIV [19,28]. These concerns are the rationale for the increased efforts to combat the HIV stigma in general and specifically in health settings [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV stigma in the teaching hospitals in Sana’a, Yemen: a conflict and low-resource setting

Attal

Al-Rowaishan

Akeel³

et al. 2021

BMC Public Health

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Background HIV stigma undermines a person’s wellbeing and quality of life and hinders HIV control efforts. This study examined the extent and drivers of HIV stigma in the teaching hospitals in Sana’a City, Yemen. The country has low HIV prevalence (4000 (2000-11,000) per 100,000) and limited HIV control funds, worsened by a long conflict and an economic crisis. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 320 Yemeni health professionals in all the four teaching hospitals in Sana’a City. Data were collected anonymously, using an adapted self-completed Arabic version of the Health Policy Project HIV Stigma tool. The questionnaire covered the respondents’ background, the stigmatising practices, and potential personal and professional drivers of stigma. Results The majority of the participants were: females (68%), 20–39 years old (85%), nurses (84%), and holding a nursing diploma (69%) or a bachelor’s degree (27%). None of the hospitals had institutional policies against HIV stigma, and 93% of the participants believed the current infection control measures were inadequate. Less than half of the participants provided care for people living with HIV (PLHIV) (45%), had received HIV training (33%), and were confident that their HIV knowledge was adequate (23%). The majority indicated a preference to test patients for HIV prior to surgical procedures (77%) and disclose positive HIV results to others (99%) without prior knowledge or consent. All the participants had exhibited a form of HIV-related stigmatization, such as avoiding physical contact with PLHIV (87%) or wearing gloves throughout the consultation (96.5%). These practices were significantly correlated with the fear of infection, high perceived risk of infection, and poor work environment (p < 0.05). Conclusion PLHIV face widespread stigmatizing behaviour in the teaching hospitals in Sana’a City, consistent with the higher level of stigma in low HIV prevalence countries and its links to the fear of infection, poor HIV knowledge, and limited funding for HIV control. Stigma reduction interventions are required at institutional and individual levels. In addition, anti-discrimination policies and structural adjustments are needed, in combination with training on HIV and universal precautions, and action to tackle negative attitudes towards PLHIV and key populations.

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Impacts of HIV Stigma on Psychosocial Well-Being and Substance Use Behaviors Among People Living With HIV/AIDS In China: Across the Life Span

Cited by 23 publications

References 39 publications

<p>Prevalence And Associated Factors Of Enacted, Internalized And Anticipated Stigma Among People Living With HIV In South Africa: Results Of The First National Survey</p>

<p>Prevalence And Associated Factors Of Enacted, Internalized And Anticipated Stigma Among People Living With HIV In South Africa: Results Of The First National Survey</p>

What determines employment quality among people living with HIV: An empirical study in China

HIV stigma in the teaching hospitals in Sana’a, Yemen: a conflict and low-resource setting

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