Impacts of holiday characteristics and number of vacation days on “holiday effect” in Taipei: Implications on ozone control strategies

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“…(2017) had also had found that higher O 3 concentration after regulatory approached to reduced air pollutants in Beijing. Comparisons of O 3 concentrations before and after seasonal holidays conducted in China and Taiwan showed higher O 3 concentrations were observed during the holiday period due to the NO titration effect ( Chen et al., 2019 ; Tan et al., 2009 ; Xu et al., 2017 ). A study by Tan et al.…”

Competing PM2.5 and NO2 holiday effects in the Beijing area vary locally due to differences in residential coal burning and traffic patterns

“…In this study, the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test, which does not require the data to be normally distributed ( Chen et al, 2019 ), was used to compare the pollutant concentrations and meteorological observations during the holidays and non-holidays, weekends and weekdays.…”

“…The holiday effect is due to changes in human activities which are influenced by lifestyle, urbanization, energy consumption structure, and traditional culture ( Forster and Solomon, 2003 ; Liu et al, 2019 ; Seidel and Birnbaum, 2015 ). When there is no clear weekend effect, the holiday effect provides a useful tool to identify changes in air quality due to changes in human activities ( Chen et al, 2019 ). Madhavi Latha and Highwood (2006) found coarse particulate matter (PM 10 ) concentrations are lower during the Christmas holidays than non-holidays in the United Kingdom, which are mainly due to reductions of local traffic emissions.…”

“… Madhavi Latha and Highwood (2006) found coarse particulate matter (PM 10 ) concentrations are lower during the Christmas holidays than non-holidays in the United Kingdom, which are mainly due to reductions of local traffic emissions. Chen et al (2019) and Tan et al (2009) investigated the difference of six air pollutants in Taipei between the Spring Festival and non-Spring Festival, finding significant reductions during the Spring Festival for nitrogen oxides (NO x ), carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds or non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), and PM 10 , while O 3 concentrations increased due to a reduction in the titration effect. Tan et al (2013) reported a distinct spatial holiday effect associated with the degree of urbanization in Taipei and found that the holiday effects of NO x , CO and NMHC become greater when the population, and hence the number of motor vehicles increases.…”

“…At the same time, the coal and biomass combustion activities for heating and cooking increases ( Feng et al, 2012 ; Wen et al, 2018 ). The larger changes in human behavior during the holidays can provide more information than the weekend effects ( Chen et al, 2019 ), but existing research on human-related holiday effects of air quality in Beijing is missing.…”