Impacts of hypoxic events surpass those of future ocean warming and acidification

Sampaio, Eduardo; Santos, Catarina; Rosa, Inês C.; Ferreira, Verónica; Pörtner, Hans‐Otto; Duarte, Carlos M.; Levin, Lisa A.; Rosa, Rui

doi:10.1038/s41559-020-01370-3

Cited by 177 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 192 publications

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“…Elevated CO 2 typically raises energetic requirements of invertebrates, inducing greater OC consumption (Thomsen et al, 2013;Queirós et al, 2015); the addition of hypoxia causes metabolic depression, potentially impairing how sediment fauna cope with acidification (Ravaglioli et al, 2019). Studies of the combined effects of reduced oxygen and elevated CO 2 suggest slower microbial degradation and enhanced carbon burial, although additional studies of coupled abiotic stressors involving oxygen are needed (Sampaio et al, 2021). Given food limitation in many benthic communities, decreased POC production, timing (e.g., Figure 5d), and export from surface waters with increased ocean stratification will alter benthic species biomass, function, and Baseline conditions (left panel) are compared to a future scenario (right panel) of warming and altered particulate organic carbon fluxes, hypoxia, acidification, and interactions between stressors.…”

Section: Climate Change and Macrobenthosmentioning

confidence: 99%

What global biogeochemical consequences will marine animal–sediment interactions have during climate change?

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Atwood

et al. 2021

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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Benthic animals profoundly influence the cycling and storage of carbon and other elements in marine systems, particularly in coastal sediments. Recent climate change has altered the distribution and abundance of many seafloor taxa and modified the vertical exchange of materials between ocean and sediment layers. Here, we examine how climate change could alter animal-mediated biogeochemical cycling in ocean sediments. The fossil record shows repeated major responses from the benthos during mass extinctions and global carbon perturbations, including reduced diversity, dominance of simple trace fossils, decreased burrow size and bioturbation intensity, and nonrandom extinction of trophic groups. The broad dispersal capacity of many extant benthic species facilitates poleward shifts corresponding to their environmental niche as overlying water warms. Evidence suggests that locally persistent populations will likely respond to environmental shifts through either failure to respond or genetic adaptation rather than via phenotypic plasticity. Regional and global ocean models insufficiently integrate changes in benthic biological activity and their feedbacks on sedimentary biogeochemical processes. The emergence of bioturbation, ventilation, and seafloor-habitat maps and progress in our mechanistic understanding of organism–sediment interactions enable incorporation of potential effects of climate change on benthic macrofaunal mediation of elemental cycles into regional and global ocean biogeochemical models.

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Section: Climate Change and Macrobenthosmentioning

confidence: 99%

What global biogeochemical consequences will marine animal–sediment interactions have during climate change?

Bianchi

Aller

Atwood

et al. 2021

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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“…Likewise, hypoxic (HEs) and extreme acidification (EAEs) events are expected to become more prevalent over the present century due to climate change (Bijma et al, 2013;Bakun et al, 2015;Burger et al, 2020), compounding the impacts associated with nutrient runoff (Bijma et al, 2013;Duarte et al, 2013;Gissi et al, 2021). These phenomena can feature transient shifts in temperature, pH, and oxygen levels that far surpass IPCC long-term projections, with potentially devastating consequences (Leggat et al, 2019;Schulz et al, 2019;Sampaio et al, 2021). While acting at distinct temporal and spatial scales, both extreme and long-term environmental shifts intertwine and have the potential to reshape marine ecosystems, with considerable socioeconomic consequences (Smale et al, 2019;Burger et al, 2020;Cheung and Frölicher, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While acting at distinct temporal and spatial scales, both extreme and long-term environmental shifts intertwine and have the potential to reshape marine ecosystems, with considerable socioeconomic consequences (Smale et al, 2019;Burger et al, 2020;Cheung and Frölicher, 2020). Thus, it is increasingly urgent that we understand how marine life will respond to this "deadly trio" (Bijma et al, 2013;Sampaio et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental exposure to warming (EW), acidification (EA), and deoxygenation (ED) in a controlled setting represents a precious tool to understand the effects of climate change over marine life. While entailing a substantial trade-off with environmental realism and sidestepping ecological dependences, EW, EA, and ED allow us to disentangle the influence of the corresponding factors over marine biota from a myriad of confounding variables, and better understand the mechanisms behind the observed effects (Baumann, 2019;Sampaio et al, 2021). While experimental research addressing the effects of these three factors on elasmobranchs has lagged behind more amenable taxa, a considerable body of research has been building for EW and EA over the past decade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elasmobranch Responses to Experimental Warming, Acidification, and Oxygen Loss—A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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Despite the long evolutionary history of this group, the challenges brought by the Anthropocene have been inflicting an extensive pressure over sharks and their relatives. Overexploitation has been driving a worldwide decline in elasmobranch populations, and rapid environmental change, triggered by anthropogenic activities, may further test this group's resilience. In this context, we searched the literature for peer-reviewed studies featuring a sustained (>24 h) and controlled exposure of elasmobranch species to warming, acidification, and/or deoxygenation: three of the most pressing symptoms of change in the ocean. In a standardized comparative framework, we conducted an array of mixed-model meta-analyses (based on 368 control-treatment contrasts from 53 studies) to evaluate the effects of these factors and their combination as experimental treatments. We further compared these effects across different attributes (lineages, climates, lifestyles, reproductive modes, and life stages) and assessed the direction of impact over a comprehensive set of biological responses (survival, development, growth, aerobic metabolism, anaerobic metabolism, oxygen transport, feeding, behavior, acid-base status, thermal tolerance, hypoxia tolerance, and cell stress). Based on the present findings, warming appears as the most influential factor, with clear directional effects, namely decreasing development time and increasing aerobic metabolism, feeding, and thermal tolerance. While warming influence was pervasive across attributes, acidification effects appear to be more context-specific, with no perceivable directional trends across biological responses apart from the necessary to achieve acid-base balance. Meanwhile, despite its potential for steep impacts, deoxygenation has been the most neglected factor, with data paucity ultimately precluding sound conclusions. Likewise, the implementation of multi-factor treatments has been mostly restricted to the combination of warming and acidification, with effects approximately matching those of warming. Despite considerable progress over recent years, research regarding the impact of these drivers on elasmobranchs lags behind other taxa, with more research required to disentangle many of the observed effects. Given the current levels of extinction risk and the quick pace of global change, it is further crucial that we integrate the knowledge accumulated through different scientific approaches into a holistic perspective to better understand how this group may fare in a changing ocean.

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“…The previous studies found that the digestive function and antioxidant response of Mytilus coruscus were affected by hypoxia, acidification, and warming of the ocean (Khan et al, 2020(Khan et al, , 2021. It is worth noting that in recent years, more and more scholars have paid attention to the potential combined effects of ocean hypoxia, acidification, and warming on marine life (Sampaio et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ocean Acidification, Hypoxia, and Warming on the Gut Microbiota of the Thick Shell Mussel Mytilus coruscus Through 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

et al. 2021

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Gut microbiota play a very important role in the health of the host, such as protecting from pathogens and maintaining homeostasis. However, environmental stressors, such as ocean acidification, hypoxia, and warming can affect microbial communities by causing alteration in their structure and relative abundance and by destroying their network. The study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of low pH, low dissolved oxygen (DO) levels, and warming on gut microbiota of the mussel Mytilus coruscus. Mussels were exposed to two pH levels (8.1, 7.7), two DO levels (6, 2 mg L−1), and two temperature levels (20, 30°C) for a total of eight treatments for 30 days. The experiment results showed that ocean acidification, hypoxia, and warming affected the community structure, species richness, and diversity of gut microbiota. The most abundant phyla noted were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed that ocean acidification, hypoxia, and warming change microbial community structure. Low pH, low DO, and increased temperature can cause shifting of microbial communities toward pathogen dominated microbial communities. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) showed that the significantly enriched biomarkers in each group are significantly different at the genus level. Phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) analysis revealed that the gut microbiome of the mussels is associated with many important functions, such as amino acid transport and metabolism, transcription, energy production and conservation, cell wall, membrane and envelope biogenesis, and other functions. This study highlights the complexity of interaction among pH, DO, and temperature in marine organisms and their effects on the gut microbiota and health of marine mussels.

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Impacts of hypoxic events surpass those of future ocean warming and acidification

Cited by 177 publications

References 192 publications

What global biogeochemical consequences will marine animal–sediment interactions have during climate change?

What global biogeochemical consequences will marine animal–sediment interactions have during climate change?

Elasmobranch Responses to Experimental Warming, Acidification, and Oxygen Loss—A Meta-Analysis

Effects of Ocean Acidification, Hypoxia, and Warming on the Gut Microbiota of the Thick Shell Mussel Mytilus coruscus Through 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

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