Impacts of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Environment

McDonald, M. Danielle

doi:10.1002/9781119415961.ch13

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 37 publications

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“…Many chemicals added directly and indirectly to natural systems by human activities can be taken up by organisms and then transferred through the food chain, accumulating in tissues of organisms at higher trophic levels, including humans, and impacting their physiology [35]. Substances of concern include those that have long been recognized, such as heavy metals (mercury, aluminum, copper, iron, lead, arsenic, and zinc), as well as emerging toxicants such as pharmaceuticals (e.g., pain relievers, blood pressure modulators, cholesterol reducers, antidepressants, contraceptives, and antibiotics) and active ingredients in personal care products (e.g., detergents, perfumes, and sunscreens) [86]. These contaminants mainly enter the environment via municipal effluent discharges, particularly poorly treated sewage, with other sources including aquaculture, animal husbandry, and horticulture runoff and waste disposal [87].…”

Section: Chemical Contamination (Pollutants)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean Acidification and Human Health

Falkenberg

Bellerby

Connell

et al. 2020

IJERPH

267

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The ocean provides resources key to human health and well-being, including food, oxygen, livelihoods, blue spaces, and medicines. The global threat to these resources posed by accelerating ocean acidification is becoming increasingly evident as the world’s oceans absorb carbon dioxide emissions. While ocean acidification was initially perceived as a threat only to the marine realm, here we argue that it is also an emerging human health issue. Specifically, we explore how ocean acidification affects the quantity and quality of resources key to human health and well-being in the context of: (1) malnutrition and poisoning, (2) respiratory issues, (3) mental health impacts, and (4) development of medical resources. We explore mitigation and adaptation management strategies that can be implemented to strengthen the capacity of acidifying oceans to continue providing human health benefits. Importantly, we emphasize that the cost of such actions will be dependent upon the socioeconomic context; specifically, costs will likely be greater for socioeconomically disadvantaged populations, exacerbating the current inequitable distribution of environmental and human health challenges. Given the scale of ocean acidification impacts on human health and well-being, recognizing and researching these complexities may allow the adaptation of management such that not only are the harms to human health reduced but the benefits enhanced.

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Section: Chemical Contamination (Pollutants)mentioning

confidence: 99%