Impacts of retention felling on coarse woody debris (CWD) in mature boreal spruce forests in Finland

Hautala, Harri; Jalonen, Jyrki; Laaka‐Lindberg, Sanna; Vanha‐Majamaa, Ilkka

doi:10.1023/b:bioc.0000021327.43783.a9

Cited by 96 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, a major threat to downed wood is caused by silvicultural operations during the regeneration phase. Hautala et al (2004) showed that up to 60Á70% of the downed dead wood may be destroyed when soil scarification and planting is carried out by machines in southern Finland. They observed that also inside retention groups the downed dead wood is reduced (by 20%), probably owing to small size of the groups.…”

Section: Other Dead Woodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree retention as a conservation measure in clear-cut forests of northern Europe: a review of ecological consequences

Gustafsson

Kouki

Sverdrup‐Thygeson

2010

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research

209

123

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Since the mid-1990s, it has been common practice to leave trees for biodiversity purposes when clear-cutting in Finland, Norway and Sweden, and regulations for such tree retention are today included in national legislation and certification standards. Peer-reviewed research publications on tree retention from studies performed in the three countries were analyzed and about 50 relevant biodiversity studies were found, with the first published in 1994. Most studies were directed towards beetles and dead wood, especially high stumps. General conclusions were that retention trees (1) provide some of the substrate types required by early-successional species, (2) alleviate the most serious consequences of clear-cutting on biota, and (3) cannot maintain characteristics of intact mature forests. Larger volumes and more trees tend to maintain diversity better. There is a particular lack of studies on dispersal, landscape effects and long-term dynamics. There is a need to study further the relationship between the biota and the amount of trees, as well as their spatial arrangement. Retention trees should preferably be evaluated in relation to other components in multiscaled conservation, including woodland key habitats and larger protected areas.

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Section: Other Dead Woodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree retention as a conservation measure in clear-cut forests of northern Europe: a review of ecological consequences

Gustafsson

Kouki

Sverdrup‐Thygeson

2010

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research

209

123

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“…Windthrow rates reached up to 17% of residual basal area in the first four years following a 50% retention partial cut in an Ontario mixedwood stand (MacDonald and Thompson 2003) while in Finland, 40% of residual Norway spruce (Picea abies) stems that were retained in aggregates had been uprooted two years after harvest (Hautala et al 2004). In Quebec, windthrow rates of black spruce after strip clearcutting were found to range from 8.8% to 20.2% (Ruel 1989 windthrow six years after shelterwood cutting (Ruel et al 2003).…”

Section: Post-harvest Tree Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial harvesting in the Canadian boreal: Success will depend on stand dynamic responses

Thorpe¹,

Thomas²

2007

The Forestry Chronicle

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In the past 10 to 15 years, alternative silvicultural treatments involving partial harvesting have been developed for boreal forests, with the goal of achieving a balance between biodiversity maintenance and continued timber production. Most prior research has focussed on the impacts of partial harvesting on biological diversity, while stand dynamic responses remain little studied. In this paper we explore partial stand harvesting in the Canadian boreal-its rationale, current extent, and impact on stand dynamic patterns. Empirical studies from the boreal and elsewhere indicate that residual trees of many species respond to partial harvesting with enhanced growth, commonly showing a lagged response after which peak growth occurs five to 25 years following harvest. Post-harvest mortality is also prevalent but much more variable, with losses of residual trees ranging from nearly zero to more than 50% above background mortality rates in the initial years following harvest. With the exception of strip cutting in parts of northern Ontario and Quebec (HARP/CPPTM), operational partial harvesting in the Canadian boreal currently involves very low levels of retention. Available data suggest that such low retention levels, particularly when spatially dispersed, generally result in unacceptably high rates of post-harvest mortality, which are unlikely to be offset by increases in residual tree growth. There is an urgent need for development of spatially explicit stand simulation models that will allow accurate yield predictions for partial harvest systems to assess their feasibility in boreal forest management.Key words: ecosystem management, natural disturbance emulation, boreal forest, partial cut, structural retention, growth response, windthrow, post-harvest mortality RÉSUMÉ Au cours des dix à quinze dernières années, des traitements sylvicoles alternatifs comprenant une coupe partielle ont été élaborés en forêt boréale, dans le but d'obtenir un équilibre entre le maintien de la biodiversité et la production continue de matière ligneuse. La majeure partie de la recherche réalisée à ce jour a porté sur les impacts de la coupe partielle sur la diversité biologique, tandis que les réactions au niveau de la dynamique du peuplement recevaient peu d'attention. Dans cet article, nous explorons la coupe partielle des peuplements dans les forêts boréales du Canada : le rationnel, le niveau actuel d'utilisation et les conséquences sur les patrons de dynamique des peuplements. Les études empiriques en provenance des forêts boréales et des autres forêts indiquent que les arbres résiduels de plusieurs espèces réagissent à la coupe partielle par un accroissement de la croissance, démontrant généralement une réaction déphasée suivie d'un pic de croissance survenant entre 5 et 25 ans après la récolte. La mortalité après coupe est également présente quoique plus variable, avec des pertes parmi les arbres résiduels avec des taux de zéro à plus de 50 % de mortalité par rapport au milieu naturel au cours des premières années suivant...

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“…She found that the effects were comparable between treatments and that about 11-13% of the volume of logs was lost. Also soil preparation (scarification) has been shown to be destructive to the initial coarse woody debris on clearcuts; about 68% of the volume is lost (Hautala et al 2004). …”

Section: Stump Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It will also change the local surface hydrology. Soil preparation has also been shown to result in a loss of coarse woody debris (Hautala et al 2004). All types of soil preparation will shorten the length of time before new forest is established and, hence, the period of the open early succession phase.…”

Section: Forest Management To Increase Biomass Production Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased biomass harvesting for bioenergy

Framstad¹,

Berglund²,

Gundersen³

et al. 2009

TemaNord

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Increased biomass harvesting for bioenergy Nordic co-operationNordic cooperation is one of the world's most extensive forms of regional collaboration, involving Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and three autonomous areas: the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Åland.Nordic cooperation has firm traditions in politics, the economy, and culture. It plays an important role in European and international collaboration, and aims at creating a strong Nordic community in a strong Europe.Nordic cooperation seeks to safeguard Nordic and regional interests and principles in the global community. The current supply of renewable bioenergy in Finland, Norway, and Sweden is equivalent to 83 TWh, 15 TWh, and 104 TWh, respectively, of which more than 90% comes from the forest sector. Assessments for total supplies of bioenergy by 2020 vary but are in the order of 126 TWh, 34 TWh, and 151 TWh for Finland, Norway and Sweden, respectively. Many biomass harvesting options exist but they are not all equally likely in the Nordic countries. Based on various public recommendations and the current debate on the use of biomass, the following options need to be considered from forests, farmland and mires and wetlands. Increased harvesting of logging residues, stumps, trees from tending and thinning of young forest, and non-standard wood from current logging areas, especially from forestry districts near roads and facilities for effective use of the biomass resources (e.g., heating plants, industrial facilities).  Increased intensity of forest cultivation activities, such as building of forest roads, soil preparation, nitrogen fertilization, planting, various thinning regimes, use of high-yield varieties or species, and shorter rotation time, on current logging areas.  Increased harvesting of woody residues from clearing of power line corridors and along roads where effective transportation to facilities for use of the biomass is possible.  Increased harvesting from currently non-commercial forest as well as increased afforestation may be relevant under suitable economical constraints, especially in Norway.  Increased cultivation of energy crops on arable land, such as grains, oilseed crops, and grasses, primarily in Finland and Sweden. Increased biomass harvesting for bioenergy 10 Increased short rotation forestry with willows and poplars on farmland, primarily in Finland and Sweden.  Increased harvesting of wood resources from marginal agricultural land, field edges etc, to a limited extent where the biomass can be exploited locally.  Biomass harvesting from mires and wetlands may primarily be in the form of harvesting of Sphagnum and canary reed grass on former peat mining areas and harvesting reed in shallow water bodies, mainly in Finland.The following biomass harvesting measures will in most cases be acceptable or have only minor negative effects: Harvesting of logging residues, including trees from tending of young forest and thinning, seems to be among the more acceptable forms of biomass harvesting. It will probably ha...

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Impacts of retention felling on coarse woody debris (CWD) in mature boreal spruce forests in Finland

Cited by 96 publications

References 27 publications

Tree retention as a conservation measure in clear-cut forests of northern Europe: a review of ecological consequences

Tree retention as a conservation measure in clear-cut forests of northern Europe: a review of ecological consequences

Partial harvesting in the Canadian boreal: Success will depend on stand dynamic responses

Increased biomass harvesting for bioenergy

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