Impacts of the coexistence of diabetes and hypothyroidism on body weight gain, leptin and various metabolic aspects in albino rats

Ahmed, Osama M.; Gabar, Mohamed Abdel; Ali, Tarek M.

doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.05.021

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…This state might be explained by the reduction in leptin turnover and degradation (Houseknecht et al 1996) or stimulation of the HPTA in response to low TH concentrations in rats, dogs, and humans (Mazaki-Tovi et al 2010). In contrast to these results, the serum concentration of leptin was found to be decreased during hypothyroidism (Ahmed et al 2012b). Nieminen et al (2000) also reported that subchronic exposure to PCBs has no effect on the plasma concentration of leptin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Early weaning PCB 95 exposure alters the neonatal endocrine system: thyroid adipokine dysfunction

Ahmed

2013

Journal of Endocrinology

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent environmental pollutants that can severely disrupt the endocrine system. In the present study, early-weaned male rats were administered a single dose of 2,3,6-2 0 ,5 0 -pentachlorinated biphenyl (PCB 95; 32 mg/kg per day, by i.p. injection)for two consecutive days (postnatal days (PNDs) 15 and 16) and killed 24 and 48 h after the administration of the last dose. Compared with the control group, administration of PCB 95 induced a reduction (P!0.01) in serum concentrations of thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and GH and an increase (P!0.01) in the serum concentration of TSH at PNDs 17 and 18. These conspicuous perturbations led to some histopathological deterioration in the thyroid gland characterized by follicular degeneration, edema, fibrosis, hemorrhage, luminal obliteration, and hypertrophy with reduced colloidal contents at PND 18. The dyshormonogenesis and thyroid dysgenesis may be attributed to the elevation of DNA fragmentation at PNDs 17 and 18. Furthermore, this hypothyroid state revealed higher (P!0.01) serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, and tumor necrosis factor and lower (P!0.01) serum concentrations of IGF1 and insulin at both PNDs compared with the control group. Interestingly, the body weight of the neonates in the PCB 95 group exhibited severe decreases throughout the experimental period in relation to that of the control group. These results imply that PCB 95 may act as a disruptor of the developmental hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Hypothyroidism caused by PCB 95 may impair the adipokine axis, fat metabolism, and in general postnatal development. Thus, further studies need to be carried out to understand this concept. Key Words" PCB 95" thyroid " adipokines " rat newborns

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Early weaning PCB 95 exposure alters the neonatal endocrine system: thyroid adipokine dysfunction

Ahmed

2013

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…This is despite the fact that the glucose tolerance test indicated a slight increase in resistance in the hypothyroid group (data not shown). There are reports of a significant decrease in the insulin level of hypothyroid rats (13,17,18), while others suggest the occurrence of insulin resistance and/or a slight increase in insulin levels in similar cases (19,20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Effect of Experimental Hypothyroidism on Insulin/Thyroid Hormones and Hepatic Steatosis

Nazemi

Dayer

Mohammadi

2019

Zahedan J Res Med Sci

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Background: The close physiological and biochemical relationships between insulin/thyroid hormones and intermediary metabolism, as well as hepatic homeostasis, are well documented. Apart from significant changes in thyroid hormones levels and altered insulin secretion or resistance, there is no consistency regarding the presence of hepatic storage diseases and fatty liver in hypothyroid patients. Objectives: The main objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of experimental hypothyroidism on insulin level and histological alterations in the liver such as changes in lipid and glycogen reservoirs. Methods: In this study, 20 adult male Wistar rats were assigned to two similar groups including control and hypothyroid. Experimental hypothyroidism was induced by 0.02% propylthiouracil (PTU) administered to rats via drinking water for two months. The rates were then killed and blood samples were assayed for TSH, T4, T3, insulin hormones, and lipid profile. The left lobes of rats' livers were also used for the histological study. Results: Our results indicated that the two-month administration of 0.02% PTU induced mild hypothyroidism associated with about a 50% reduction in the insulin level. The examination of liver samples showed that there were no significant changes in the overall architecture of liver tissue as compared to normal controls; that is, hepatocytes morphology, appearance, and position of the core, as well as glycogen content, were the same. The main finding of the current work was that in the hypothyroid group, the mild steatosis was accompanied by dyslipidemia. Conclusions: Based on our findings, a two-month administration of 0.02% PTU induces mild hypothyroidism in rates associated with a 50% decrease in the insulin level and mild steatosis in liver hepatocytes. This condition in long period may predispose hypothyroid individuals to develop diabetes mellitus and fatty liver simultaneously.

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“…However, these intracellular changes of increasing body weights due to glycoproteins depositions secondarily could induce to the release of leptin. Thus, this released leptin is responsible for the inhibition of food intakes and energy metabolism that resulted decreasing body weight (Ahmed, Gabar, & Ali, ; Calvino et al, ), and has been implicated in PTU‐induced hypothyroid rats (Kim, Ku, et al, ; Ku & Lee, ). Our experimental evidence suggested similar results that treatment with LT4 and AL mix (400 and 200 mg/kg) significantly normalized the adverse effects of PTU in hypothyroid rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effects of a mixed plant extracts derived fromAstragalus membranaceusandLaminaria japonicaon PTU‐induced hypothyroidism and liver damages

et al. 2019

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Protective effects of a mixed hot water extracts of Astragalus membranaceus (AWE) and Laminaria japonica (LWE), AWE: LWE 85:15 (g/g; AL mix), were investigated against propylthiouracil (PTU)‐induced hypothyroidism in rats. Rats were challenged with PTU, resulting in, increased thyroid gland weight, decreased liver weight and antioxidant activities, reduced serum tri‐iodothyronine and thyroxine levels with increased thyroid stimulating hormone levels, and elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase level. However, orally administered AL mix with 100, 200, and 400 mg kg−1 day−1, significantly inhibited such abnormalities, dose‐dependently. Moreover, PTU‐induced abnormal histological architecture of the rat thyroid gland and liver were also significantly ameliorated by an AL mix. The results suggested that, therapeutic use of AL mix for treating hypothyroidism can be characterized by its diversified active ingredients particularly iodine and ferulic acid as confirmed by phytochemical analyses. Practical applications The AL mix has synergistic effects in modulating thyroid hormone synthesis and preventing liver damages in PTU‐induced hypothyroid rats. These effects of AL mix are mainly related to its richness specifically in iodine and ferulic acid. The growing interests of iodine and ferulic acid in AL mix are principally due to their beneficial effects in releasing sufficient thyroid hormones in hypothyroid conditions and promoting liver‐protective functions through its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory potentials, respectively. Moreover, the results of AL mix are well‐matched with the effects of standard drug levothyroxine in the present study. Therefore, appropriate dosage of AL mix will be promising as new medicinal food for preventing thyroid dysfunctions and its related liver damages.

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Impacts of the coexistence of diabetes and hypothyroidism on body weight gain, leptin and various metabolic aspects in albino rats

Cited by 20 publications

References 65 publications

Early weaning PCB 95 exposure alters the neonatal endocrine system: thyroid adipokine dysfunction

Early weaning PCB 95 exposure alters the neonatal endocrine system: thyroid adipokine dysfunction

Investigating the Effect of Experimental Hypothyroidism on Insulin/Thyroid Hormones and Hepatic Steatosis

Protective effects of a mixed plant extracts derived fromAstragalus membranaceusandLaminaria japonicaon PTU‐induced hypothyroidism and liver damages

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