Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on food security among East and West African pastoralists

Griffith, Evan F.; Craige, Shaina; Manzano, Pablo; Pius, Loupa; Jost, Christine

doi:10.1016/bs.af2s.2021.07.004

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The reduction in sales, erosion of capital for business, failure to sell animals, and reduced number of buyers are a threat to food security (Griffith et al 2021 ). In pastoral areas, trade in livestock is key to pastoral livelihoods as it provides income that can be used to purchase non-animal source foods, household basic needs, and inputs for livestock production (Little et al 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cattle trader’s inability or failure to sell animals limits their ability to purchase animals from the pastoralists who have animals to sell (KRSU, 2018 ). These leave both traders and pastoralists with no income to buy food, other basic needs, and animal health care services, thus leading to increased livestock mortality (Griffith et al 2021 ). Also, consumers are left vulnerable to malnutrition because of the reduced supply of animal source foods which are the main source of high-quality proteins and micronutrients (Griffith et al 2021 ; Mitscherlich et al 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impacts of COVID-19 on cattle traders and their response in agro-pastoral and pastoral regions in Uganda: A case of Karamoja and Teso cattle traders

2022

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The study assessed the economic impact of COVID-19 on cattle traders in the Karamoja and Teso pastoral and agro-pastoral areas in Uganda and their response after the COVID-19 lockdown in 2020. The results reveal that cattle traders were negatively affected by COVID-19 in many ways including reduction in cattle sales, erosion in operating capital, and failure to sell animals while others have diversified or moved to other businesses. Twenty-five per cent of the cattle traders did not sell any animal during the lockdown. A majority of these were from Karamoja (43%) compared to those in Teso sub-region. The decline in cattle sales was significantly higher in Karamoja than in Teso sub-region. However, their recovery was significantly higher in Karamoja than in Teso sub-region because traders in Teso greatly diversified to other economic activities compared to traders in Karamoja sub-region. The traders who lost capital were mainly in Teso sub-region (63%). As expected, there was a sharp decline in the number of cattle buyers from markets outside the study area, mainly from Juba, Kampala, Busia, and Kenya. Coping strategies by cattle traders included crop cultivation (80%), burning charcoal (15%), selling food items (8%), and boda-boda riding (12%), while others did not engage in any economic activity (25%). To mitigate against the pandemic, traders were observing some of the standard operating procedures (SOPs) such as wearing face masks (76.1%), handwashing (19.3%), sanitising (2.3%), and social distancing (2.3%). Traders from Karamoja performed poorly in both diversification and mitigation measures. Based on our findings, recommendations to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on cattle traders include offering loans to cattle traders through their Village Savings and Loan Association (VSLA), reducing transaction costs, offering mobile phones especially for Karamoja traders, and promoting the adoption of enforcing SOPs to reduce the need for lockdowns and cattle market closures which are detrimental to pastoral livelihood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impacts of COVID-19 on cattle traders and their response in agro-pastoral and pastoral regions in Uganda: A case of Karamoja and Teso cattle traders

2022

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“…In Chad, cross-border livestock trade is a major way transhumant and agro-pastoral households earn a living in the Saharan zone, mediated through weekly livestock markets in a complex relationship between ethnic groupings of herders, traders and other intermediaries (Koussou, 2002). Lockdowns and movement restrictions resulted in disruptions of livestock production and supply chains, declines in livestock sales due to market closure, causing the pastoralists to lose income (Griffith et al, 2021). In adjusted models that account for these factors, households in the Saharan zone were twice (AOR = 2.03, CI: 1.04, 5.68) as likely as those in the Sudanian zone to report COVID-19 income loses in 2020, but they were not at increased risk for income loss in 2021 or coping strategy adoption in either year.…”

Section: Geographic Variations Of Rural Food Insecuritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic impact of COVID-19 on income and use of livelihoods related coping mechanisms in Chad

Kang,

Wabyona,

Udahemuka

et al. 2023

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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IntroductionImpacts of the economic slowdown due to COVID-19 were prevalent in SubSaharan African countries. Using four nationally representative surveys collected in 2020 (rural n = 13,208; urban n = 1736) and 2021 (n = 14,730; n = 2,231), this secondary analysis evaluates economic impacts of the pandemic on household income and use of livelihoods-related coping mechanisms in Chad.MethodsUnivariate and multivariate regression, accounting for the survey design and sampling weights, was used to examine risk factors for reported income reduction and coping mechanism use and the associations with food expenditures and food security.ResultsThe economic impact of COVID-19 was greater in urban areas than rural areas in 2020 with improvement in urban areas and deterioration in rural areas in 2021. The reported income reduction was associated with female and unmarried household heads, living in the Saharan zone, and in rural areas, non-agricultural income sources. In urban areas, having skilled/unskilled labor as the primary income source was protective. Risk factors for the adoption of livelihoods-related coping mechanisms were similar to those of income reduction, with findings related to poor living conditions. Income reduction due to COVID-19 was associated with the use of stress and crisis coping strategies and lower household expenditure in both years and poor food consumption in rural areas in 2020.DiscussionThis study elucidates the potential impact pathways of COVID-19 from a household economic downturn to limited food spending, poor food consumption, and increased use of coping mechanisms. Findings are relevant for informing the targeting of assistance in future economic shocks and suggest prioritizing socioeconomically vulnerable households.

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“…A study conducted in 2013 found a relatively high prevalence of Brucella exposure (13%) in these abattoir workers [ 37 ]. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the importation of livestock was reduced because the Hajj was cancelled, reducing demands for livestock products by pilgrims [ 39 ]. Saudi has a young, rapidly growing population that may be persuaded to redirect purchases to imported meat rather than live animals.…”

Section: The Supply Chainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Disease Risks of Live Export of Cattle and Sheep, with a Focus on Australian Shipments to Asia and the Middle East

Phillips

2022

Animals

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The growing human and livestock populations in the world today and increased international transport of livestock is increasing the risk of both emerging and endemic zoonotic diseases. This review focuses on the potential for the live export trade to transmit zoonotic diseases. Both cattle and sheep are exposed to major stresses during the transport process, which are described, together with the impact of these stresses on the immune function of transported animals. Heat stress, overcrowding, inanition, ship and vehicle motion and accumulation of noxious gases are analysed for their ability to potentiate infectious diseases. The major zoonoses are described: pustular dermatitis, pneumonia, salmonellosis, as well as some common conditions, such as conjunctivitis, with specific reference to stressors associated with each disorder. Historical precedents exist for restriction of the trade based on disease risks. Finally, the economic and regulatory frameworks are considered to evaluate ways in which the spread of zoonotic diseases can be controlled.

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Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on food security among East and West African pastoralists

Cited by 7 publications

References 42 publications

The impacts of COVID-19 on cattle traders and their response in agro-pastoral and pastoral regions in Uganda: A case of Karamoja and Teso cattle traders

The impacts of COVID-19 on cattle traders and their response in agro-pastoral and pastoral regions in Uganda: A case of Karamoja and Teso cattle traders

Economic impact of COVID-19 on income and use of livelihoods related coping mechanisms in Chad

Zoonotic Disease Risks of Live Export of Cattle and Sheep, with a Focus on Australian Shipments to Asia and the Middle East

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