Impacts of the natural gas infrastructure and consumption on fine particulate matter concentration in China's prefectural cities: A new perspective from spatial dynamic panel models

Energy and Climate Policy—An Evaluation of Global Climate Change Expenditure 2011–2018

“…As can be seen from Figure 14, this substantially reduces SO 2 emissions and can sometimes partially reduce NO x emissions [131,132]. It has also been shown to substantially reduce emissions of PM, smoke and smog [133]. Another approach to reducing SO 2 emissions is to use low-sulfur content coal instead of the more common (and typically cheaper) high-sulfur content coal [201].…”

“…Transitioning from using the higher CO 2 -emitting coal and oil (and peat) to using more natural gas. This keeps many of the advantages of still using fossil fuels, but significantly reducing total CO 2 emissions [131][132][133][134][135][136][137]. For instance, de Gouw et al (2014) calculated that, "Per unit of energy produced, natural gas power plants equipped with combined cycle technology emit on an average 44% of the CO 2 compared with coal power plants" [131].…”

“…For instance, de Gouw et al (2014) calculated that, "Per unit of energy produced, natural gas power plants equipped with combined cycle technology emit on an average 44% of the CO 2 compared with coal power plants" [131]. The transition to gas has also been found to significantly reduce air pollution (as we will discuss in Section 4.3.1) [131][132][133][134]. Some have argued that such a transition might reduce the motivation to completely abandon fossil fuels [137,138], and others have argued that, if substantial methane leakage is associated with such a transition, the net greenhouse gas emissions may still be high [139].…”

“…Some have argued that such a transition might reduce the motivation to completely abandon fossil fuels [137,138], and others have argued that, if substantial methane leakage is associated with such a transition, the net greenhouse gas emissions may still be high [139]. Nonetheless, it has been argued that in many ways this is the easiest and simplest "short-term" transition to immediately reducing global CO 2 emissions (which are still increasing, as can be seen from Figure 2) [41,[131][132][133][134][135][136][137].…”

Evaluation Of Indonesia's National Energy Policy: A Regional Dilemma In Indonesia Through Simulation Approach

“…Detail of INEP as shown in Table 1. Government efforts by involving various stakeholders, especially at the regional level in country continue to be carried out as the most effective step in achieving national energy independence [12]- [17] through promote maximize uses of RE and become an important role in carrying out energy policy transformation because of the added value strategy of the environmental and economic aspects [13], [18]- [21] However, the current policy of implementing regional energy that provides added value is shown un optimal results because energy use in carrying out development activities still dominate on a fossil basis. Evaluations in recent years show that the primary energy mix for RE has only reached 6.61% in 2016.…”