Impacts of timber forwarding on physical properties of forest soils in southern Finland

Toivio, Jenny; Helmisaari, Heljä‐Sisko; Palviainen, Marjo; Lindeman, Harri; Ala‐Ilomäki, Jari; Sirén, Matti; Uusitalo, Jori

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2017.09.022

Cited by 47 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The key differences between salvage logging and such alternatives lie in (a) the greater mechanical disturbance of logging operations and (b) the greater reduction in the amount of dead wood under the salvage-logging regime. These differences can affect soil fauna through several non-mutually exclusive mechanisms, including changes in abiotic conditions, such as solar radiation at ground level, and the resulting changes in the biotic environment [31][32][33]. In fact, some of the main factors that influence soil faunal diversity, such as soil humidity and organic matter [34], are strongly linked to the abundance of dead wood [30,35,36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Post-Fire Deadwood Management on Soil Macroarthropod Communities

Molinas-González

Castro

González‐Megías

et al. 2019

Forests

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Dead wood comprises a vast amount of biological legacies that set the scene for ecological regeneration after wildfires, yet its removal is the most frequent management strategy worldwide. Soil-dwelling organisms are conspicuous, and they provide essential ecosystem functions, but their possible affection by different post-fire management strategies has so far been neglected. We analyzed the abundance, richness, and composition of belowground macroarthropod communities under two contrasting dead-wood management regimes after a large wildfire in the Sierra Nevada Natural and National Park (Southeast Spain). Two plots at different elevation were established, each containing three replicates of two experimental treatments: partial cut, where trees were cut and their branches lopped off and left over the ground, and salvage logging, where all the trees were cut, logs were piled, branches were mechanically masticated, and slash was spread on the ground. Ten years after the application of the treatments, soil cores were extracted from two types of microhabitat created by these treatments: bare-soil (in both treatments) and under-logs (in the partial cut treatment only). Soil macroarthropod assemblages were dominated by Hemiptera and Hymenoptera (mostly ants) and were more abundant and richer in the lowest plot. The differences between dead-wood treatments were most evident at the scale of management interventions: abundance and richness were lowest after salvage logging, even under similar microhabitats (bare-soil). However, there were no significant differences between microhabitat types on abundance and richness within the partial cut treatment. Higher abundance and richness in the partial cut treatment likely resulted from higher resource availability and higher plant diversity after natural regeneration. Our results suggest that belowground macroarthropod communities are sensitive to the manipulation of dead-wood legacies and that management through salvage logging could reduce soil macroarthropod recuperation compared to other treatments with less intense management even a decade after application.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Post-Fire Deadwood Management on Soil Macroarthropod Communities

Molinas-González

Castro

González‐Megías

et al. 2019

Forests

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“…Bulk density is probably the most common soil physical attribute for measuring soil compaction in forest soils research (e. g. Andrade et al., ; Cambi et al., ; Solgi & Najafi, ). It is used to detect soil structural degradation following harvest and logging operations, usually having higher values at shallower depths (Bottinelli, Hallaire, Goutal, Bonnaud, & Ranger, ; Cambi et al., ) and during the first few machinery passes (Naghdi, Solgi, & Ilstedt, ; Toivio et al., ). The increase in ρ d was greater in the Haplorthod, reaching 20% following trafficking with the loader.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…() to exert the highest pressures of all the harvesting equipment tested in their study, resulting in severe compaction in the wood‐processing sites. Soil compaction is often reported to increase with increasing skidder traffic intensity (Sampietro & Lopes, ), the rate of increase being higher in the first few passes (Cambi et al., ; Naghdi et al., ; Toivio et al., ). For some coarse‐textured Ultisols in Northeastern Brazil, Dias Junior, Silva, Santos, and Araujo Junior () identified that eight passes could be adopted as a critical level of traffic intensity when skidding with a forwarder.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil compaction caused by harvesting, skidding and wood processing in eucalyptus forests on coarse‐textured tropical soils

Tassinari¹,

Andrade²,

Dias³

et al. 2019

Soil Use and Management

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Eucalyptus forests play a major role in the world economy, providing raw materials for different purposes. In planted forests, harvest operations performed by heavy machinery may cause severe soil compaction. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a full‐tree harvesting system in planted eucalyptus forests from Northeastern Brazil. Different soils were evaluated (two Hapludults and one Haplorthod) in two horizons (BA and Bt). We tested different equipment, namely feller buncher, skidder (with traffic intensities of 3, 6, 12 and 16 passes), flail (at different ground‐contact points), grapple saw and loader. The soil physical attributes reflected not only the impact of equipment traffic but also the intrinsic differences between the soils. Bulk density (ranging from 1.36 to 1.80 t m−3 after trafficking) related well to soil class and horizon. Precompression stress (ranging from 203 to 430 kPa) and degree of compaction (76%–94%) following trafficking were well correlated, while increase in bulk density (reaching a maximum of 20%) related more strongly to soil moisture. A contingency table was constructed with the number of compacted samples and further examined by correspondence analysis. Compaction varied according to soil, horizon and equipment, indicating that machine–soil interactions are very specific and demand detailed research under different conditions. The Haplorthod experienced the greatest amount of compaction, whereas the Hapludult‐2 was more resistant (60% and 25% of compacted samples, respectively). The grapple saw and the skidder at higher traffic intensities (12 and 16 passes) exerted the highest mechanical impacts (81% and 67% of compacted samples, respectively).

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“…Usually, soil deformation occurring during timber harvesting includes both elements of compaction and rutting. The bottom of ruts is the most probably compacted and displacement of soil particles in the lateral direction creates bulges at the edges of the ruts (Haas et al 2016;Toivio et al 2017;Marra et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting rut depth induced by an 8-wheeled forwarder in fine-grained boreal forest soils

Uusitalo

Ala‐Ilomäki

Lindeman

et al. 2020

Annals of Forest Science

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& Key message Rut depth in fine-grained boreal soils induced by an 8-wheeled forwarder is best predicted with soil moisture content, cumulative mass of machine passes, bulk density and thickness of the humus layer. & Context Forest machines are today very heavy and will cause serious damage to soil and prevent future growth if forest operations are carried out at the wrong time of the year. Forest operations performed during the wettest season should therefore be directed at coarse-grained soils that are not as prone to soil damage. & Aims The study aimed at investigating the significance of the most important soil characteristics on rutting and developing models that can be utilized in predicting rutting prior to forest operations. & Methods A set of wheeling tests on two fine-grained mineral soil stands in Southern Finland were performed. The wheeling experiments were conducted in three different periods of autumn in order to get the largest possible variation in moisture content. The test drives were carried out with an 8-wheeled forwarder. & Results Soil moisture content is the most important factor affecting rut depth. Rut depth of an 8-wheeled forwarder in finegrained boreal soil is best predicted with soil moisture content, cumulative mass of machine passes, bulk density and thickness of the humus layer. & Conclusion The results emphasize the importance of moisture content on the risk of rutting in fine-grained mineral soils, especially with high moisture content values when soil saturation reaches 80%. The results indicate that it is of high importance that soil type and soil wetness can be predicted prior to forest operations.

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Impacts of timber forwarding on physical properties of forest soils in southern Finland

Cited by 47 publications

References 35 publications

Effects of Post-Fire Deadwood Management on Soil Macroarthropod Communities

Effects of Post-Fire Deadwood Management on Soil Macroarthropod Communities

Soil compaction caused by harvesting, skidding and wood processing in eucalyptus forests on coarse‐textured tropical soils

Predicting rut depth induced by an 8-wheeled forwarder in fine-grained boreal forest soils

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