Impaired chemotactic responsiveness of macrophages from gnotobiotic rats

Jungi, Thomas W.; McGregor, Douglas D.

doi:10.1128/iai.19.2.553-561.1978

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…23:286, 1964). There is some evidence that changes in macrophage behavior are responsible for this impairment (14), although the studies do not indicate whether the changes are macrophage mediated only or whether disturbed lymphocyte-macrophage interactions are involved. Our findings have demonstrated that several properties of GF macrophages are different from the corresponding properties of CONV macrophages, indicating some dysfunction of GF macrophages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…GF animals are able to synthesize immunoglobulins (12, 34), and their rejection of skin allografts is similar to that of CONV animals (32). Generation of lymphocyte-dependent, antigeninduced monocyte chemotactic activity is also normal in GF animals (14). However, GF animals are less resistant to tubercle bacilli and other infectious agents that provoke a vigorous cell-mediated immune response in CONV subjects (35; E. M. Lerner, Fed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meltzer found that macrophages from GF nude mice were not tumoricidal in vitro, whereas corresponding cells from CONV nude mice were cytotoxic to tumor cells in a way similar to Mycobacterium bovis BCG-stimulated macrophages from CONV normal mice (19). Macrophages from GF animals respond poorly to chemotactic stimuli that attract the macro-phages of CONV subjects, and there is a lower influx of monocytes into the peritoneal cavity after peptone injections in GF mice compared with CONV mice (14). Kupffer cells (5) and alveolar macrophages (E. R. Heise and Q. Myrvik, Fed.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Peritoneal Macrophages from Germfree and Conventional Mice

1979

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Morphology, lysosomal enzyme activities, and phagocytosis via immunological receptors were tested in peritoneal macrophages from germfree and conventional mice. Nonstimulated macrophages from germfree mice showed less spreading and were more easily detached when seeded on glass than conventional macrophages. The activities of the lysosomal acid phosphatase and cathepsin D were similar in the two cell groups, whereas β-glucuronidase showed higher activity in macrophages from germfree mice. F c receptor-mediated phagocytosis of opsonized sheep erythrocytes was equally effective in germfree and conventional macrophages, and both cell types attached but did not internalize erythrocytes via the C 3 b receptor. Intraperitoneal injections of mineral oil caused a significantly higher influx of macrophages in conventional mice than in germfree mice, whereas the influx of polymorphonuclear cells was enhanced in both animals. Stimulation in vivo with oil or Escherichia coli endotoxin increased cell size, spreading ability, membrane ruffling, and lysosomal enzyme activities in macrophages from both conventional and germfree mice. The Fc-mediated phagocytosis was not influenced by stimulation, whereas the capacity to internalize via C 3 b receptor was triggered in macrophages from conventional mice, but not in corresponding cells from germfree mice. Similar results were obtained after stimulation with endotoxin in vitro. Culture in fetal calf serum for 72 h caused intracellular rises in all three enzyme activities tested in macrophages from conventional mice, whereas only the activity of acid phosphatase was increased in macrophages from germfree mice. Stimulation with zymosan in vitro caused selective release of lysosomal enzyme activity in macrophages from both animal groups. We conclude that peritoneal macrophages from germfree mice share several properties with cells from conventional mice, however, unstimulated β-glucuronidase activity was increased, whereas spreading on glass, chemotactic response, in vitro induction of lysosomal enzymes, and the capacity to internalize via the C 3 b receptor after stimulation were reduced or absent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Peritoneal Macrophages from Germfree and Conventional Mice

1979

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“…The present findings thus suggest that suppressor T cells may be more dominant in the CV state than in the GF state of these lowresponder F344 rats. It seems that a bacterial flora may modulate the development of the immune apparatus such as T-helper, T-suppressor, or B-cells or macrophages (4), which is under genetic control.…”

Section: Nd Nd Ndmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility to adjuvant-induced arthritis among germfree, specific-pathogen-free, and conventional rats

Kohashi¹,

Kuwata²,

Umehara³

et al. 1979

Infect Immun

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Germfree F344 rats developed severe arthritis with 100% incidence after a single intradermal injection of either squalane containing 0.5 mg of heat-killed Mycobacterium bovis BCG or a water-in-oil emulsion containing 0.2 mg of peptidoglycan derived from Staphylococcus epidermidis. Conventional F344 rats developed less-severe arthritis with 20% incidence for heat-killed BCG and 0% incidence for peptidoglycan. Specific-pathogen-free rats showed an intermediate susceptibility between germfree and conventional rats. Interestingly, both unimmunized specific-pathogen-free and conventional rats, but not unimmunized germfree rats, showed weak delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions to peptidoglycans derived from either S. epidermidis or Lactobacillus plantarum, suggesting that a bacterial flora may furnish a stimulus for induction of cell-mediated immunity to ubiquitous bacterial peptidoglycans. It is thus possible that although a bacterial flora is not necessary for development of adjuvant arthritis, it may have some suppressive effect on the development of the disease in specific-pathogen-free and conventional F344 rats, possibly through modulation of the immune response. Adjuvant arthritis (AA) can be induced by a single injection of a water-in-oil emulsion containing mycobacterium (14), many other bacteria, and their cell walls (8, 11). A common factor among these bacterial cell walls responsible for promoting the development of AA was proved to be peptidoglycans (PGs) (12), which are found universally in all bacterial cell walls. This disease has been generally believed to be the result of a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to components of bacterial cell walls (20), such as PGs (12). The precise mechanisms which underlie its development are still obscure. There

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“…We have demonstrated that germfree mice (nude and euthymic) are also resistant to disseminated, as well as mucocutaneous, candidosis (12,13). Because many functional activities of macrophages from germfree mice are impaired (7,8,17), we proposed that normally functioning macrophages might, in fact, be involved in the pathogenesis of disseminated Candida infections.…”

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confidence: 99%

Systemic candidosis in silica-treated athymic and euthymic mice

Lee¹,

Balish²

1983

Infect Immun

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Intravenous silica injections were used to assess the role of macrophages in the resistance of BALB/c nude and euthymic mice to systemic candidosis. CFU of Candida albicans in the kidneys, livers, and spleens of salineor silica-treated mice were enumerated at various times after inoculation with 104 viable yeast cells. The number of C. albicans organisms recovered from the kidneys of silicatreated euthymic mice was similar to the number recovered from saline-treated controls during the first 3 days of infection; however, at every assay period thereafter, the number of organisms recovered from the kidneys of silica-treated mice was dramatically reduced (100to 1,000-fold). Conversely, silica-treated nude mice were no more susceptible to systemic candidosis than were salineinjected nude mice. Silica treatment did not alter the ability of treated or control mice to clear C. albicans from the liver and spleen. These results demonstrate that macrophages play an important role in susceptibility to Candida infections.

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Impaired chemotactic responsiveness of macrophages from gnotobiotic rats

Cited by 28 publications

References 15 publications

Comparison of Peritoneal Macrophages from Germfree and Conventional Mice

Comparison of Peritoneal Macrophages from Germfree and Conventional Mice

Susceptibility to adjuvant-induced arthritis among germfree, specific-pathogen-free, and conventional rats

Systemic candidosis in silica-treated athymic and euthymic mice

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