Impaired Delayed Response From Thalamic Lesions

Schulman, Sidney

doi:10.1001/archneur.1964.00460230027003

Cited by 76 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In every report we have found, dorsal thalamic lesions in humans have resulted in memory disturbances. The results of animal studies have also tended to minimize the role of the mammillary bodies in memory functions [40], but dorsomedial thalamic lesions have been reported to affect learning and memory [23,25]. Taken together, the evidence suggests that damage to the dorsal thalamus is sufficient to cause memory dysfunction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dorsal thalamic lesion in a noted case of human memory dysfunction

Squire

Moore

1979

Annals of Neurology

279

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The extensively studied patient N.A. has had a severe verbal memory deficit since 1960, when he sustained a stab wound to the brain with a miniature fencing foil. His amnesia occurs in the absence of any other known cognitive defect. Recent CT scans have localized a lesion in the left dorsal thalamus of this patient in a position corresponding to the dorsomedial nucleus; there is no radiographic evidence of other damage in the diencephalon or cerebral cortex. The dorsomedial thalamus may be critical in the neuropathology of diencephalic amnesia and, in humans, may be required for normal memory functions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dorsal thalamic lesion in a noted case of human memory dysfunction

Squire

Moore

1979

Annals of Neurology

279

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“…Damage to the medial thalamus, including the MD, often causes "prefrontal" syndromes in humans, such as deficits in the Wisconsin Card Sorting test, verbal or nonverbal fluency tests, and the Stroop test (Van der Werf et al 2000). Lesions to the MD in monkeys produce severe deficits in the performance of memory tasks such as a delayed-response task, a delayed alternation task, and a delayed matching-to-sample task (Gaffan and Parker 2000;Isseroff et al 1982;Parker et al 1997;Schulman 1964;Best 1988, 1990a,b;Winocur 1985), many of which are also impaired by DLPFC lesions (Fuster 1997;Goldman-Rakic 1987). Furthermore, neurophysiological studies using primates have revealed that many MD neurons exhibit delay-period activity during delayedresponse performance (Fuster and Alexander 1973;Tanibuchi and Goldman-Rakic 2003;Watanabe and Funahashi 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal Activity Throughout the Primate Mediodorsal Nucleus of the Thalamus During Oculomotor Delayed-Responses. II. Activity Encoding Visual Versus Motor Signal

Watanabe

Funahashi

2004

Journal of Neurophysiology

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We collected single-neuron activity from the mediodorsal (MD) nucleus of the thalamus, examined the information that was represented by task-related activity during performance of a spatial working memory task, and compared the present results with those obtained in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). We used two oculomotor delayed-response (ODR) tasks. In the ordinary ODR task, monkeys were required to make a memory-guided saccade to the location where a visual cue had been presented 3 s previously, whereas in the rotatory ODR task, they were required to make a memory-guided saccade 90° clockwise from the cue direction. By comparing the best directions of the same task-related activity between the two tasks, we could determine whether this activity represented the cue location or the saccade direction. All cue-period activity represented the cue location. In contrast, 56% of delay-period activity represented the cue location and 41% represented the saccade direction. Almost all response-period activity represented the saccade direction. These results indicate that task-related MD activity represents either visual or motor information, suggesting that the MD participates in sensory-to-motor information processing. However, a greater proportion of delay- and response-period activities represented the saccade direction in the MD than in the DLPFC, indicating that more MD neurons participate in prospective information processing than DLPFC neurons. These results suggest that although functional interactions between the MD and DLPFC are crucial to cognitive functions such as working memory, there is a difference in how the MD and DLPFC participate in these functions.

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“…Experimental lesions of these nuclei produce memory deficits in nonhuman primates (Aggleton & Mishkin 1983a, 1983b, 1985Holmes, Jacobson, Stein, & Butters 1983;Isseroff, Rosvold, Galkin, & Goldman-Rakic 1982;Schulman 1964;Zola-Morgan & Squire 1985; ZolaMorgan, Squire, & Amaral 1989). In the human, damage to the mammillary bodies and/or medial thalamus as in Korsakoff's syndrome (e.g., Charness 8r DeLaPaz 1987; Mair, Warrington, & Weiskrantz 1979;Victor, Adams, & Collins 1971), or after cerebral trauma (e.g., Bogousslavsky, Regli, & Uske 1988.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Metabolic Activity in the Diencephalon of Monkeys Performing Working Memory Task: A 2-Deoxyglucose Study in Behaving Rhesus Monkeys

Friedman

Janas

Goldman‐Rakic

1990

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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The 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) method was used to study the effect of working memory processing on local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) in the diencephalon of the rhesus monkey. Monkeys were given [(14)C]2-DG while performing either one of three tasks that engaged working memory (WORK group) or one of two control tasks (CONT group) that used associative or non associative processes. The tasks of the WORK group-spatial delayed response, spatial delayed alternation, and delayed object alternation-are alike in that the information guiding a correct response changes from trial to trial and only the accurate record of the preceding response (or cue) is relevant for each successive trial. The CONT group, in contrast, performed on either a visual pattern discrimination test, in which the correct stimulus-response association was invariant across all trials and all test sessions, or on a sensorimotor task in which there was no explicit memory requirement. LCGU was examined in five diencephalic regions: the mammillary bodies, the anteroventral and anteromedial thalamus, and the parvocellular and magnocellular components of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus. Comparisons across the two groups showed that mean LCGU in the anterior and mediodorsal thalamic nuclei was significantly elevated (by 12-16%) in the WORK group relative to the CONT group. Mean LCGU in the mammillary bodies also was higher in the WORK group than in the CONT group, but this difference was not significant. The present findings suggest that the anterior and mediodorsal thalamic nuclei represent diecephalic components of a neural network processing working memory. Together with our previous report on the enhancement of metabolic activity in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus, these results show that working memory has a wide-ranging influence on cerebral metabolism and emphasize the cooperative, rather than dissociable, roles of the hippocampus and medial thalamus in this function.

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Impaired Delayed Response From Thalamic Lesions

Cited by 76 publications

References 21 publications

Dorsal thalamic lesion in a noted case of human memory dysfunction

Dorsal thalamic lesion in a noted case of human memory dysfunction

Neuronal Activity Throughout the Primate Mediodorsal Nucleus of the Thalamus During Oculomotor Delayed-Responses. II. Activity Encoding Visual Versus Motor Signal

Enhancement of Metabolic Activity in the Diencephalon of Monkeys Performing Working Memory Task: A 2-Deoxyglucose Study in Behaving Rhesus Monkeys

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