Impaired Retrieval Inhibition of Threat Material in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Kircanski, Katharina; Johnson, Douglas C.; Mateen, Maria; Bjork, Robert A.; Gotlib, Ian H.

doi:10.1177/2167702615590996

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Moreover, a similar pattern has been reported on indirect measures of memory performance (Hertel, Maydon, Ogilvie, & Mor, 2018). The pattern is also consistent with several studies that had similarly related deficient control processes at retrieval with clinical phenomena (e.g., GAD, Kircanski et al, 2016;clinical depression, Groome & Sterkaj, 2008; substance-related and addictive disorders, Stramaccia,Penolazzi,760 Monego, Manzan, Castelli, & Galfano, 2017). More generally, these results are consistent with a recent meta-analysis that associated broader cognitive control deficits with negative thinking (Zetsche, Bürkner, and Schulze, 2018).…”

supporting

confidence: 89%

Memory suppression and its deficiency in psychological disorders: A focused meta-analysis

Stramaccia¹,

Meyer²,

Rischer³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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It is hotly debated whether suppressing the retrieval of unwanted memories constitutes a beneficial mechanism that causes forgetting. Here, we scrutinize the evidence for such suppression-induced forgetting (SIF) and examine whether it is deficient in psychological disorders characterized by intrusive thoughts. Specifically, we performed a focused meta-analysis of studies that have used the Think/No-Think procedure to test SIF in individuals either affected by psychological disorders or exhibiting high scores on related traits. First, our analysis of the control samples (N = 534) indicated that avoiding retrieval indeed leads to reliable forgetting in healthy participants. Overall, the effect size was moderate to small (SMCC = 0.31, 95% CI [0.16, 0.45]) and remained significant after attempting to account for publication bias. However, moderator analyses revealed that this effect varied according to the exact mechanism that participants were instructed to engage, with the greatest effect size observed for direct retrieval suppression (SMCC = 0.63, 95% CI [0.36, 0.90]). Second, we found no evidence for SIF in the clinical/sub-clinical samples (N = 534, SMCC = 0.07, 95% CI [- 0.13, 0.28]). Critically, SIF in these samples was significantly smaller than in the respective control samples (SMD = 0.26 (95% CI [0.06, 0.47]). This deficiency was particularly pronounced when participants were instructed to apply direct retrieval suppression mechanism. These results suggest that intact suppression-induced forgetting is a hallmark of psychological well-being, and that inducing more specific suppression mechanisms fosters voluntary forgetting.

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supporting

confidence: 89%

Memory suppression and its deficiency in psychological disorders: A focused meta-analysis

Stramaccia¹,

Meyer²,

Rischer³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…An interesting future development of this study will be testing the same clinical populations with material specifically tailored to the disorders under examination. This approach has recently proved very effective in the investigation of selective forgetting deficits in anxiety disorders as a function of the semantic relatedness of the material with respect to the disorder (Kircanski, Johnson, Mateen, Bjork, & Gotlib, 2016; Law, Groome, Thorn, Potts, & Buchanan, 2012). This latter approach might further clarify the source and extent of the inhibitory deficits characterizing substance-related and addictive disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of Competing Memories in Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

Stramaccia

Penolazzi

Monego

et al. 2017

Clinical Psychological Science

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To maintain an adaptive and flexible behavior, we need to be able to override habitual or inappropriate responses when circumstances require a change in the course of action. This ability, often termed "inhibitory control," is a core cognitive process that is essential to goal-directed behavior. Given the importance of this process, it is not surprising that it has been found to be impaired in a broad range of psychiatric conditions. In particular, inhibitory deficits represent a consistent feature characterizing substance-related and addictive disorders. Until now, however, research in this domain focused almost exclusively on inhibitory control of overt actions (e.g., Smith, Mattick, Jamadar, & Iredale, 2014). Here, we investigated the relationship between substance-related and addictive disorders and inhibitory control, with a focus on alcohol and heroin addiction. Poor inhibitory control is indeed a key feature of this class of disorders, acting as both a development and maintenance factor, and potentially emerging as a consequence of it (Smith et al., 2014). For example, it has been hypothesized that individuals with lower levels of inhibitory control may have higher chances of developing substance use disorders. Related to this point, substance abuse often sets off during adolescence. According to some authors (e.g., López-Caneda, Rodríguez Holduín, Cadaveira, Corral, & Doallo, 2014), inhibitory mechanisms and their neural underpinnings are still immature during adolescence, and this may increase the propensity to engage in substance abuse as compared to adults.

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“…Importantly, this approach to data analysis which takes into account category-specific effects could also benefit related studies aimed at uncovering memory biases for specific stimuli, i.e., stimuli relevant to a particular disorder (e.g., Kircanski, Johnson, Mateen, Björk, & Gotlib, 2016), and hence enrich the knowledge about memory functioning from both a theoretical and a methodological perspective. Findings from the present exploratory approach may therefore represent the focus of future studies, aiming at replicating and extending our results, before any firm conclusions can be drawn.…”

Section: Rif Is Variable Across Different Semantic Categoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

TDCS over the right inferior frontal gyrus disrupts control of interference in memory: A retrieval-induced forgetting study

Stramaccia

Penolazzi

Altoè

et al. 2017

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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Retrieving information from episodic memory may result in later inaccessibility of related but task-irrelevant information. This phenomenon, known as retrieval-induced forgetting, is thought to represent a specific instance of broader cognitive control mechanisms, that would come into play during memory retrieval, whenever non-target competing memories interfere with recall of target items. Recent neuroimaging studies have shown an association between these mechanisms and the activity of the right Prefrontal Cortex. However, so far, few studies have attempted at establishing a causal relationship between this brain region and behavioural measures of cognitive control over memory. To address this missing link, we delivered transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) over the right Inferior Frontal Gyrus (rIFG) during a standard retrieval-practice paradigm with category-exemplar word pairs. Across two experiments, tDCS abolished retrieval-induced forgetting to different degrees, compared to the sham control group whereas no effects of stimulation emerged in an ancillary measure of motor stopping ability. Moreover, influence analyses on specific subsets of the experimental material revealed diverging patterns of results, which depended upon the different categories employed in the retrieval-practice paradigm. Overall, the results support the view that rIFG has a causal role in the control of interference in memory retrieval and highlight the often underestimated role of stimulus material in affecting the effects. The present findings are therefore relevant in enriching our knowledge about memory functions from both a theoretical and methodological perspective.

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Impaired Retrieval Inhibition of Threat Material in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Cited by 13 publications

References 31 publications

Memory suppression and its deficiency in psychological disorders: A focused meta-analysis

Memory suppression and its deficiency in psychological disorders: A focused meta-analysis

Suppression of Competing Memories in Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

TDCS over the right inferior frontal gyrus disrupts control of interference in memory: A retrieval-induced forgetting study

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