Impaired visuospatial associative memory and attention in obsessive compulsive disorder but no evidence for differential dopaminergic modulation

Morein‐Zamir, Sharon; Craig, Katy; Ersche, Karen D.; Abbott, Sanja; Müller, Ulrich; Fineberg, Naomi; Bullmore, Edward T.; Sahakian, Barbara J.; Robbins, Trevor W.

doi:10.1007/s00213-010-1963-z

Cited by 42 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…One study (Armstrong et al, 2011) has shown that individuals diagnosed with OCD scored lower on the Attentional Control Scale (Derryberry & Reed, 2002) than non-anxious controls. Numerous studies have also reported deficits in various components of attention among individuals with OCD, including: 1) impaired sustained attention (Gambini, Abbruzzese, & Scarone, 1993;Kim, Park, Shin, & Kwon, 2002;Morein-Zamir et al, 2010); 2) over-focused attention toward irrelevant stimuli (e.g., distractibility; Nelson, Early, & Haller, 1993); and 3) delayed attention disengagement from neutral stimuli (Schmidtke, Schorb, Winkelmann, & Hohagen, 1998). One study showed that negatively valenced stimuli interfered with attentional control more for high contamination fearful than low contamination fearful participants (Najmi, Hindash, & Amir, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Disgust mediates the relation between attentional shifting and contamination aversion

Adams

Lohr

2012

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

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Section: Introductionsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Disgust mediates the relation between attentional shifting and contamination aversion

Adams

Lohr

2012

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

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“…Our model, however, suggests that adding levodopa to dopamine agonists to treat PD symptoms may result in the best of both treatments: although levodopa has a shorter half-life than most dopamine agonists, levodopa perhaps enhances phasic firing of dopamine cells, and thus enhances learning and focused attention. These processes are probably not enhanced with dopamine agonists [80]. Second, we treated dopamine receptors in the same family (e.g., D 2 and D 3 ) equally within our current model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociating the Cognitive Effects of Levodopa versus Dopamine Agonists in a Neurocomputational Model of Learning in Parkinson’s Disease

2012

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Background/Aims: Levodopa and dopamine agonists have different effects on the motor, cognitive, and psychiatric aspects of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods: Using a computational model of basal ganglia (BG) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) dopamine, we provide a theoretical synthesis of the dissociable effects of these dopaminergic medications on brain and cognition. Our model incorporates the findings that levodopa is converted by dopamine cells into dopamine, and thus activates prefrontal and striatal D₁ and D₂ dopamine receptors, whereas antiparkinsonian dopamine agonists directly stimulate D₂ receptors in the BG and PFC (although some have weak affinity to D₁ receptors). Results: In agreement with prior neuropsychological studies, our model explains how levodopa enhances, but dopamine agonists impair or have no effect on, stimulus-response learning and working memory. Conclusion: Our model explains how levodopa and dopamine agonists have differential effects on motor and cognitive processes in PD.

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“…Visuospatial impairment has also been described(10, 11), but the neural correlates of spatial learning have not been assessed in OCD. Together with anatomical findings of reduced gray matter in corticolimbic areas(12) involved in reward expectancy(13), and smaller amygdala and hippocampal volumes in refractory OCD patients compared to controls(14), these data suggest that OCD participants have functional and structural abnormalities in the brain regions that support reward-based spatial learning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reward-Based Spatial Learning in Unmedicated Adults With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Marsh

Tau

Wang

et al. 2015

AJP

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Objective To assess the functioning of mesolimbic and striatal areas involved in reward-based spatial learning in unmedicated adults with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Methods We compared fMRI BOLD response in 33 unmedicated adults with OCD to 33 healthy, age-matched control participants during a reward-based learning task that required learning to use extra-maze cues to navigate a virtual 8-arm radial maze to find hidden rewards. We compared groups in their patterns of brain activation associated with reward-based spatial learning versus a control condition in which rewards were unexpected because they were allotted pseudo-randomly to experimentally prevent learning. Results Both groups learned to navigate the maze to find hidden rewards, but group differences in neural activity during navigation and reward processing were detected in mesolimbic and striatal areas. During navigation, OCD participants, unlike healthy participants, activated left posterior hippocampus. Unlike healthy participants, OCD participants did not activate left ventral putamen and amygdala when anticipating rewards or left hippocampus, amygdala, and ventral putamen when receiving unexpected rewards (control condition). Signal in these regions decreased relative to baseline during unexpected reward receipt in OCD participants and the degree of activation was inversely associated with doubt/checking symptoms. Conclusion OCD participants displayed abnormal recruitment of mesolimbic and ventral striatal circuitry during reward-based spatial learning. Whereas healthy participants activate this circuitry in response to the violation of reward expectations, unmedicated OCD participants do not and instead overrely on posterior hippocampus during learning. Thus, dopaminergic innervation of reward circuitry may be altered and future study of anterior/posterior hippocampal dysfunction in OCD is warranted.

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Impaired visuospatial associative memory and attention in obsessive compulsive disorder but no evidence for differential dopaminergic modulation

Cited by 42 publications

References 73 publications

Disgust mediates the relation between attentional shifting and contamination aversion

Disgust mediates the relation between attentional shifting and contamination aversion

Dissociating the Cognitive Effects of Levodopa versus Dopamine Agonists in a Neurocomputational Model of Learning in Parkinson’s Disease

Reward-Based Spatial Learning in Unmedicated Adults With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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