Impairment of contrast sensitivity in long-term lorazepam users

Giersch, Anne; Speeg-Schatz, C.; Tondre, Monique; Gottenkiene, S.

doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0378-3

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Furthermore, pharmacological medication [18] and alcohol abuse [16] can cause reduced contrast sensitivity. Older persons who are long-term users of benzodiazepines have perceptible impairment of contrast sensitivity [14]. The moderate coefficients of determination R 2 of the regression of CS and scatter with age indicates that only a small part of the variance of CS and scatter, respectively, is described by the influence of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring contrast sensitivity in normal subjects with OPTEC® 6500: influence of age and glare

Hohberger

Laemmer

Adler

et al. 2007

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

133

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring contrast sensitivity in normal subjects with OPTEC® 6500: influence of age and glare

Hohberger

Laemmer

Adler

et al. 2007

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

133

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“…It was found that several reviewed studies had shown a global loss of contrast sensitivity with benzodiazepines. [124,125] Furthermore, this trial's specific findings were that long-term lorazepam recipients exhibited impaired contrast Continued next page sensitivity (and exophoria), and this was independent of the sedative effects of the benzodiazepine. This was seen to be concomitant with a normal visual acuity.…”

Section: Benzodiazepinesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In a recent study published in 2006, Giersch et al [124] reviewed the literature concerning the effects of benzodiazepines (both in acute or longterm usage) on visual acuity and especially on contrast sensitivity. In addition, the researchers ophthalmologically tested 15 long-term lorazepam recipients and 15 matched untreated healthy subjects.…”

Section: Benzodiazepinesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ocular Adverse Effects of Common Psychotropic Agents

Richa¹,

Yazbek²

2010

CNS Drugs

178

143

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All psychotropic medications have the potential to induce numerous and diverse unwanted ocular effects. Visual adverse effects can be divided into seven major categories: eyelid and keratoconjunctival disorders; uveal tract disorders; accommodation interference; angle-closure glaucoma; cataract/pigmentary deposits in the lens and cornea; retinopathy; and other disorders. The disorders of the eyelid and of the keratoconjunctiva are mainly related to phenothiazines and lithium. Chlorpromazine, at high dosages, can commonly cause abnormal pigmentation of the eyelids, interpalpebral conjunctiva and cornea. It can also cause a more worrisome but rarer visual impairment, namely corneal oedema. Lithium can rarely lead to a bothersome eye irritation by affecting sodium transport. Uveal tract problems are mainly associated with tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), typical antipsychotics, topiramate and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). TCAs, typical antipsychotics and SSRIs can all cause mydriasis that is often transient and with no major consequences, but that can promote closure of angles in susceptible patients. Topiramate has been frequently associated with a number of significant ocular symptoms including acquired myopia and angle-closure glaucoma. Problems with accommodation are related to TCAs and to low-potency antipsychotics. TCAs cause transient blurred vision in up to one-third of patients. Angle-closure glaucoma is a serious condition that has been mainly associated with TCAs, low-potency antipsychotics, topiramate and, to a lesser extent, SSRIs. When patients with narrow angles are given TCAs, they all appear to experience induction of glaucomatous attacks. Antipsychotics and SSRIs may lead to an added risk of developing angle-closure glaucoma, but only in predisposed eyes. Topiramate can lead to an allergic-type reaction whereby structures of the lens and ciliary body are displaced, which results in angle-closure glaucoma. Cataractous changes can result from antipsychotics, mainly from high dosages of chlorpromazine or thioridazine. These two drugs, when used at high dosages and for prolonged periods, frequently cause lenticular opacifications. Retinopathy has been shown to be related to high dosages of typical antipsychotics, mainly chlorpromazine and thioridazine. The frequency of occurrence of retinal effects seems to be proportional to the total amount of drug used over a long period of time. Other visual problems of special concern are the ocular dystonias, other eye movement disorders, and decreased ability to perceive colours and to discriminate contrast. Ocular dystonias can occur with antipsychotics (especially high-potency ones), carbamazepine (especially in polytherapy), topiramate and, rarely, with SSRIs. Disturbance in various eye movements is frequently seen with benzodiazepines, antiepileptic drugs and lithium. Impairment in the perception of colours and the discrimination of contrasts has been shown to occur not uncommonly with carbamazepine and lorazepam. Thus, typical antipsycho...

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“…As a result, the use of benzodiazepine was determined to have a global loss on contrast sensitivity. 76,77 Furthermore, the rise of development of contrast sensitivity and exophoria in patients using long term lorazepam is found to be free of sedative efficiency of benzodizapines. Visual acuity has remained normal on these patients.…”

Section: Benzodiazepinesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…76 have made literature review on visual acuity of benzodiapines on acute or chronic basis and the effect on contrast sensitivity. In addition, 15 patients who had a long term treatment of lorazepam were compared to healthy control group.…”

Section: Benzodiazepinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychotropic Drugs and Ocular Side Effects

Sönmez¹,

Aykan²

2013

Tjo

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Sum maryNowadays the number of patients using the types of drugs in question here has significantly increased. A study carried out in relation with the long term use of psychotropic drugs shows that the consumption of this group of drugs has substantially increased in terms of variety and quantity. This compilation is arranged in accordance with the ocular complications of psychotropic drugs in long term treatment profile of numerous patients to the results of related literature review. If the doctor and the patients are informed about the eye problems related to the use of psychotropic drugs, potential ocular complications can be easily prevented, supervised and controlled and can even be reversed. (

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Impairment of contrast sensitivity in long-term lorazepam users

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

Measuring contrast sensitivity in normal subjects with OPTEC® 6500: influence of age and glare

Measuring contrast sensitivity in normal subjects with OPTEC® 6500: influence of age and glare

Ocular Adverse Effects of Common Psychotropic Agents

Psychotropic Drugs and Ocular Side Effects

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