Impedance Spectra of Energy-Storage Electrodes Obtained with Commercial Three-Electrode Cells: Some Sources of Measurement Artefacts

Levi, Mikhael D.; Dargel, Vadim; Shilina, Yuliya; Aurbach, Doron; Halalay, Ion C.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2014.10.083

Cited by 53 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…But in the case of NMC/graphite full cells, given knowledge on the separate EIS signal trends along SOC for the NMC cathode [37] or related composite materials [29], and graphite anode [30,31] can be used to identify the individual full cell signal contributions to the charge-transfer resistance. It is well accepted that in case of LIB full cells the sum of the signal contributions of the separate electrodes define the EIS response in a two-electrode geometry [36,38]. Jimenez Gordon et al described the signal contribution of graphite anodes in LIBs [30,31].…”

Section: Cathode-separator Lamination Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

EIS Study on the Electrode-Separator Interface Lamination

et al. 2019

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This paper presents a comprehensive study of the influences of lamination at both electrode-separator interfaces of lithium-ion batteries consisting of LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathodes and graphite anodes. Typically, electrode-separator lamination shows a reduced capacity fade at fast-charging cycles. To study this behavior in detail, the anode and cathode were laminated separately to the separator and compared to the fully laminated and non-laminated state in single-cell format. The impedance of the cells was measured at different states of charge and during the cycling test up to 1500 fast-charging cycles. Lamination on the cathode interface clearly shows an initial decrease in the surface resistance with no correlation to aging effects along cycling, while lamination on both electrode-separator interfaces reduces the growth of the surface resistance along cycling. Lamination only on the anode-separator interface shows up to be sufficient to maintain the enhanced fast-charging capability for 1500 cycles, what we prove to arise from a significant reduction in growth of the solid electrolyte interface.

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Section: Cathode-separator Lamination Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

EIS Study on the Electrode-Separator Interface Lamination

et al. 2019

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“…7 and a ring-shaped reference electrode (as in the Hohsen b cell, investigated in Ref. 6). In the co-axial setup the current paths within the central channel between the electrodes also depend on the interface impedances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Levi et al 6 confirmed that (a) the Swagelok T-cell with pointlike reference is less suitable for faultless impedance measurements, only slightly surpassed by (b) the ring-shaped reference electrode from Hohsen and (c) coin cells with a point-like reference electrode located at the edge of the electrodes. The authors conclude that artifacts arising from arrangements a, b & c are almost unavoidable and they therefore recommend impedance measurements in symmetric twoelectrode cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Electrode Setups for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Ender

Illig

Ivers‐Tiffée

2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Material and degradation effects in lithium-ion batteries are studied in three-electrode cells using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. But half-cell impedance spectra are often superimposed by distortions caused by the individual cell arrangement. Finite Element Method simulations of the three-electrode cell were applied to identify and quantify these contributions. This study identified two basic mechanisms: (I) a radially inhomogeneous current distribution originating from geometric asymmetry of the electrodes; and (II) a frequency-dependent inhomogeneous current distribution in the electrolyte caused by an electrochemical asymmetry. Mechanism II is caused by different electrode materials, and enhanced when the electrolyte diameter exceeds those of both working and counter electrode. With the help of the FEM model, we evaluated three-electrode cells featuring different reference electrode geometries: (a) point-like, (b) wire and (c) mesh reference electrode. The results of these FEM simulations are shown as half-cell and full-cell impedance data, disclosing the magnitude of distortions and artifacts for each type of reference electrode geometry. The mesh reference electrode, proposed in literature but not widely adopted, showed the largest potential for error-free impedance spectra. The FEM simulations were supported by experiments, comparing a point-like with a mesh reference electrode in a three-electrode cell (see part II).

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“…As mentioned above, EIS is the method of choice to study the electrochemical properties of various battery electrodes as a function of cycling or state of charge [54]. Positive electrode active materials including V6O13 [14,55], LiMn2O4 [56,57] [72,73], LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 [74], LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 [36,75], and LiNi0.6Mn0.6Co0.2O2 [76], as well as negative electrode active materials, such as carbons [35,60,68,[77][78][79][80], graphite [16,31,[36][37][38]57,[62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75]81,82], Sn-containing composites [82,83], LiTi2(PO4)3 [15], Li4Ti5O12 [61], and Si-containing composites [34,84,85] have...…”

Section: Electrochemical Impedance-based Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review of the Use of Reference Electrodes in Li-Ion Batteries: A Diagnostic Perspective

2019

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Use of a reference electrode (RE) in Li-ion batteries (LIBs) aims to enable quantitative evaluation of various electrochemical aspects of operation such as: (i) the distinct contribution of each cell component to the overall battery performance, (ii) correct interpretation of current and voltage data with respect to the components, and (iii) the study of reaction mechanisms of individual electrodes. However, care needs to be taken to ensure the presence of the RE does not perturb the normal operation of the cell. Furthermore, if not properly controlled, geometrical and chemical features of the RE can have a significant influence on the measured response. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the range of RE types and configurations reported in the literature, with a focus on critical aspects such as electrochemical methods of analysis, cell geometry, and chemical composition of the RE and influence of the electrolyte. Some of the more controversial issues reported in the literature are highlighted and the benefits and drawbacks of the use of REs as an in situ diagnostic tool in LIBs are discussed.

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Impedance Spectra of Energy-Storage Electrodes Obtained with Commercial Three-Electrode Cells: Some Sources of Measurement Artefacts

Cited by 53 publications

References 26 publications

EIS Study on the Electrode-Separator Interface Lamination

EIS Study on the Electrode-Separator Interface Lamination

Three-Electrode Setups for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Critical Review of the Use of Reference Electrodes in Li-Ion Batteries: A Diagnostic Perspective

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