Implanon: A New Contraceptive Implant

Fischer, Mary A.

doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.2008.00247.x

Cited by 23 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…However, this technique has been barely applied in the pharmaceutical industry. The only two co-extruded dosage forms available on the market until now are Nuvaring ® , a contraceptive vaginal ring, and Implanon ® , a contraceptive implant [2]. The production of oral drug delivery systems via coextrusion offers the opportunity to combine different drugs with different release profiles, to modulate drug release (either by loading the different layers with different amounts of drug or by incorporating the drug in different matrices) and to enable the simultaneous administration of non-compatible drugs (formulated in separate layers).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-extrusion as manufacturing technique for fixed-dose combination mini-matrices

Dierickx

Saerens

Almeida

et al. 2012

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics

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The aim of this study was to develop a multilayer (core/coat) dosage form via coextrusion, the core providing sustained drug release and the coat immediate drug release. In this study polymers were selected which can be combined in a co-extruded dosage form.Several thermoplastic polymers were hot-melt extruded and evaluated for processability and macroscopic properties (surface smoothness, die swell). Metoprolol tartrate (MPT) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) were incorporated as sustained and immediate release model drugs, respectively. Based on the polymer screening experiments a combination of polycaprolactone (core) and polyethylene oxide (coat) was selected for co-extrusion trials, taking into account their drug release profiles and extrusion temperature (70°C). This combination (containing 10% HCT in the coat and 45% MPT in the core) was successfully co-extruded (diameter core: 3mm / thickness coat: 0.5mm). Adhesion between the two polymer layers was good. HCT release from the coat was complete within 30 minutes, while MPT release was sustained over 24h (55, 70, 85 and 100% after 4, 8, 12 and 24h, respectively). DSC, XRD and Raman spectroscopy revealed that MPT remained crystalline during extrusion, whereas HCT was dissolved in the polyethylene oxide matrix. The in vivo study revealed no significant differences between the experimental formulation and the reference formulation (Zok-Zid ® tablet). Fixed-dose combination mini-tablets with good in vitro and in vivo performance were successfully developed by means of co-extrusion, using a combination of polycaprolactone and polyethylene oxide.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-extrusion as manufacturing technique for fixed-dose combination mini-matrices

Dierickx

Saerens

Almeida

et al. 2012

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics

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“…medroxyprogesterone), implants (e.g. etonogestrel implant), and intrauterine devices [9][10][11][12] . Of the oestrogen-free options, POPs are most commonly used, as they provide a noninvasive and readily reversible method of contraception.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advantages and challenges of oestrogen-free hormonal contraception

Ahrendt¹,

Adolf

2010

Current Medical Research and Opinion

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“…It provides excellent efficacy throughout its use, and it is easy to insert and remove [3,4]. It is a good contraceptive option for women with contraindications to combined hormonal methods and for those seeking long-term contraception [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Implanon® is a flexible rod composed of a solid core of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) with crystals of etonogestrel imbedded within the core [3,4]. Surrounding the core is a thin layer of EVA (0.06 mm thick) controlling the released etonogestrel rate [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ breakage of Implanon® — two cases of a rare occurrence

et al. 2013

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Background: In situ breakage of Implanon® is a rare occurrence with unknown clinical significance. Authors report two different cases of broken Implanon® of women attended at our Family Planning Clinic. Discussion: In situ implants may spontaneously and asymptomatically break, although some uncertainty relies on whether that situation has a real impact on the contraceptive effectiveness or on bleeding patterns. Even more, it can be argued if, as a result of an occurrence of that nature, the implant shall or shall not be removed before the envisaged 3-year period of effectiveness. Conclusion: Currently, the clinical significance of implant breakage remains unknown. The decision to remove a broken or bent implant should be based on clinical judgements considering patients' wishes.

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Implanon: A New Contraceptive Implant

Cited by 23 publications

References 36 publications

Co-extrusion as manufacturing technique for fixed-dose combination mini-matrices

Co-extrusion as manufacturing technique for fixed-dose combination mini-matrices

Advantages and challenges of oestrogen-free hormonal contraception

In situ breakage of Implanon® — two cases of a rare occurrence

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