Implantable chemothermal brachytherapy seeds: A synergistic approach to brachytherapy using polymeric dual drug delivery and hyperthermia for malignant solid tumor ablation

UV Light Assisted Coating Method of Polyphenol Caffeic Acid and Mediated Immobilization of Metallic Silver Particles for Antibacterial Implant Surface Modification

“…As seen in Figure 1A, the coating process followed a simple UV assisted polymerization process of caffeic acid on the surface of the Titanium foil, the immobilization of metallic silver on the surface was also followed right after the coating of PCA on top of the Ti substrate, Ag ions can be immobilized and reduced to metallic silver particles in situ by using the catechol moiety of the PCA [4]. It has been recently discovered that natural polyphenols can be deposited via electromagnetic radiation (UV-light) to various substrates like glass and stainless steel [26]. After the UV-light irradiation of caffeic acid over the titanium substrate, the apparent difference in color among the four Ti pieces was observed, as shown in Figure 1B.…”

“…To address this, several studies have attempted to improve the antibacterial capability of titanium via surface modification and coating using functional materials such as polymeric coating [23,24,25]. Many studies have explored several surface coatings, examples of which are the use of catechol-containing moieties such as multiple 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) derived from mussels, which strongly binds to proteins and is capable of surface coating functionalization, and the development of a special wetting surface [26,27,28]. In our study, we used poly-caffeic acid (PCA), which is a naturally derived phenolic compound that can form a multifunctional coating on various substrates by polymerization under a mild alkali condition.…”

Supramolecular Caffeic Acid and Bortezomib Nanomedicine: Prodrug Inducing Reactive Oxygen Species and Inhibiting Cancer Cell Survival

“…The chemical structure of CA comprises a carboxyl group and a catechol moiety, which can serve as a drug-conjugating site for bortezomib (BTZ). BTZ is a synthetic anticancer drug that inhibits NF-κB by binding to the 26S proteasome of cancer cells with high affinity and specificity, thereby resulting in reduced protein degradation tagging and apoptosis [16][17][18][19]. BTZ can complement the use of caffeic acid by virtue of inhibition of the survival mechanism of the cell, while CA creates intracellular DNA and protein damage via the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [20][21][22].…”

Biomedical Grade Stainless Steel Coating of Polycaffeic Acid via Combined Oxidative and Ultraviolet Light-Assisted Polymerization Process for Bioactive Implant Application

“…The use of metallic implants has been a standard in the medical field in augmenting, restoring, and treating various physiological impediments [1,2,3]. Various forms of metallic devices such as stainless steel, titanium, chromium cobalt, and nickel titanium alloys have been developed, which goes hand in hand with the development of the surface treatment of these aforementioned devices [4,5,6]. Metallic implants ideally should not cause any adverse effects in the biological systems they are applied to; however, due to improper handling and unforeseen physiological responses, side effects may arise that can limit the effectivity of these metallic implants.…”

“…These treatments vary from galvanization to the promotion of corrosion resistance to the addition of passive oxide layers on the surfaces. However, these surface modifications are intended to increase the inertness of these implants, and recent trends have been pointing to the addition of bioactive molecules to incorporate therapeutic effects and increase the cellular response to implantable materials [2,5]. Stainless steel (SS) has special characteristics as an alloy that can be used inside the body due to its high corrosion resistance and biological compliance.…”