Implantation of surgical electrodes for spinal cord stimulation: classical midline laminotomy technique versus minimal invasive unilateral technique combined with spinal anaesthesia

Awake vs. Asleep Placement of Spinal Cord Stimulators: A Cohort Analysis of Complications Associated With Placement

“…Vangeneugden (2007) compared postoperative outcomes following electrode placement using the classical midline laminotomy technique with those following use of a minimally invasive unilateral technique in awake patients. He concluded that a minimally invasive unilateral technique has some advantages over midline laminotomy, based on reduced postoperative pain and length of hospital stay (8). Beems and van Dongen used a modified implantation technique to implant under awake surgery.…”

Percutaneously Implanted Plates in Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (FBSS)

“…Several studies have shown the benefit of surgically implanted plate type electrodes with regards to stability (migration), lower output parameters, less lead breakages, and sustained long-term coverage (3,4,5,11,13). A drawback is the more invasive character of this technique, which has led to the development of techniques allowing implantation of plate type electrodes through less invasive techniques (14,15).…”

Avoiding Complications From Spinal Cord Stimulation: Practical Recommendations From an International Panel of Experts

“…The implantation of a surgical lead requires a laminectomy or partial laminotomy and may be carried out using a mini‐invasive spine technique (4,24,25). The surgery for implantation can be performed either under spinal anesthesia (26) or local anesthesia with sedation.…”