Implementation of a 6$\,\times\,$6 Free-Space Optical Fiber Ribbon Switch for Storage Area Networks

Chou, Hsi‐Hsir; Zhang, F.; Wilkinson, Timothy D.; Collings, N.; Crossland, W. A.

doi:10.1109/jlt.2012.2188778

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Recent experimental implementations [20,21] have also demonstrated that SLM-based freespace optical switching can be implemented based on a fiber ribbon to a fiber ribbon switching architecture using either a single wavelength per fiber or multiple wavelengths per fiber. This dramatically strengthens the practical path density of free-space optics and potentially offers an approach to resolving the packet contention problem in packet switching architectures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Performance Evaluation of Optical Ethernet Switching Architecture with Liquid Crystal on Silicon-Based Beam-Steering Technology

Cheng

Chou

Shiau

et al. 2016

Fiber and Integrated Optics

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A non-blocking optical Ethernet switching architecture with liquid crystal on a silicon-based beam-steering switch and optical output buffer strategies are proposed. For preserving service packet sequencing and fairness of routing sequence, priority and round-robin algorithms are adopted at the optical output buffer in this research. Four methods were used to implement tunable fiber delay modules for the optical output buffers to handle Ethernet packets with variable bit-rates. The results reported are based on the simulations performed to evaluate the proposed switching architecture with traffic analysis under a traffic model captured from a real-core network. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Performance Evaluation of Optical Ethernet Switching Architecture with Liquid Crystal on Silicon-Based Beam-Steering Technology

Cheng

Chou

Shiau

et al. 2016

Fiber and Integrated Optics

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“…This is in contrast to phase-based switching systems such as the ribbon fiber design previously mentioned which are optimized for a single polarization state and require cumbersome polarization diversity schemes [5]. An additional benefit to the holographic design of this switch is that performance does not depend critically on the functionality of a single mirror.…”

Section: B Dmdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A 6 × 6 multimode ribbon fiber design has recently been described using a custom molecule-based phase SLM which when used in conjunction with a series of linear polarizers, functions as an addressable switch, either passing or blocking beams incident on subsections of the SLM. While the switch exhibits 1 μs switching time, it also has a loss of 20.5 dB, 11.5 dB of which is inherent in the fan-out and polarizer/SLM design [5]. Other systems use an SLM in reflection as an updatable holographic element, and act as one to many multicasting switches, but lack the ability to switch between multiple input ports [6]- [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Preliminary Implementation of an N $\times$ N Diffractive All-Optical Fiber Optic Switch

Lynn

Blanche

Miles

et al. 2013

J. Lightwave Technol.

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We have demonstrated a diffraction-based nonblocking, scalable N × N optical switch employing a digital micromirror display (DMD) with 12 μs switching speed, performing 100 times faster than the currently available technology. The distributed nature of diffraction makes this switch more robust than one-to-one reflective systems where a single mirror failure incapacitates an entire connection. We thereby address a key bottleneck in data centers and optical aggregation networks by decreasing circuit-switching speed and allowing for facile port count scalability.Index Terms-Digital micromirror device (DMD), free-space optical switch, optical crossconnect, optical switch, reconfigurable hologram, spatial light modulator (SLM), storage area networks (SANs).

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“…Unlike amplitude-modulating LCOS devices (mainly for video and image projections), phase-only modulating LCOS devices have a wide range of applications based on the spatial modulation of coherent lights, [14][15][16] including real-time holography, 17 optical correlators, 18 wavelength selective switches, 19,20 reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers [20][21][22] and diffractive optical components. [23][24][25] The first attempt to drive an LC pixel array from a single crystal silicon active backplane was proposed by Ernstoff et al 26 in the early 1970s.…”

Section: Brief Introduction To Lcos Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamentals of phase-only liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) devices

2014

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This paper describes the fundamentals of phase-only liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) technology, which have not been previously discussed in detail. This technology is widely utilized in high efficiency applications for real-time holography and diffractive optics. The paper begins with a brief introduction on the developmental trajectory of phase-only LCOS technology, followed by the correct selection of liquid crystal (LC) materials and corresponding electro-optic effects in such devices. Attention is focused on the essential requirements of the physical aspects of the LC layer as well as the indispensable parameters for the response time of the device. Furthermore, the basic functionalities embedded in the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) silicon backplane for phase-only LCOS devices are illustrated, including two typical addressing schemes. Finally, the application of phase-only LCOS devices in real-time holography will be introduced in association with the use of cutting-edge computer-generated holograms. The architecture of LCOS devices is similar to conventional LC devices except that a silicon backplane constitutes one of the substrates (Figure 1). The silicon CMOS backplane consists of the electronic circuitry that is buried underneath pixel arrays to provide a high 'fill factor'. The pixels are aluminum mirrors deposited on the surface of the silicon backplane. The incident light is transmitted through the LC layer with almost zero absorption. The integration of high-performance driving circuitry allows the applied voltage to be changed on each pixel, thereby controlling the phase retardation of the incident wavefront across the device. Currently, there are two types of light modulation using LCOS devices, amplitude modulation and phase modulation. In the former case, the amplitude of the light signal is modulated 6,7 by varying the linear polarzation direction of the incident light passing through a linear polarizer, the same principle used in a standard LC television. In the latter case, the phase delay is accomplished by electrically adjusting the optical refractive index along the light path, which is possible because of the non-zero birefringence of the LC materials in use but should be carefully characterized. [8][9][10][11][12][13] In a phase-only LCOS SLM modulator, no light absorption by polarizers or other light-absorbing components will occur, such that the maximum light efficiency can be expected.Currently, most of the conventional LC devices are not able to efficiently modulate the phase of an incident wavefront. For instance, the LC device structure using thin film transistors is not suitable for phase modulation because an appropriate electro-optic effect has not been used (see the section on 'Twisted nematic (TN) configuration' and the section on 'VAN configuration' for details). Moreover, the pixels of this type of device are too large to provide acceptably large diffraction angles. In addition, the pixel circuitry and connection tracks are in the light path such that the ...

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Implementation of a 6$\,\times\,$6 Free-Space Optical Fiber Ribbon Switch for Storage Area Networks

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Design and Performance Evaluation of Optical Ethernet Switching Architecture with Liquid Crystal on Silicon-Based Beam-Steering Technology

Design and Performance Evaluation of Optical Ethernet Switching Architecture with Liquid Crystal on Silicon-Based Beam-Steering Technology

Design and Preliminary Implementation of an N $\times$ N Diffractive All-Optical Fiber Optic Switch

Fundamentals of phase-only liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) devices

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