Implementation of Coda Wave Interferometry Using Taylor Series Expansion

Liu, Shukui; Zhu, Jinying; Wu, Zhengtian

doi:10.1007/s10921-015-0300-1

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The Taylor series expansion method [ 18 ] is another method to determine the stretch factor. Equation (5) is expanded as a first order Taylor series:

when the high order

is ignored,

can be calculated by:

…”

Section: Coda Wave Interferometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing Ultrasonic Data by Coda Wave Interferometry to Monitor Load Tests of Concrete Beams

Niederleithinger

Wang

Herbrand

et al. 2018

Sensors

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Ultrasonic transmission measurements have been used for decades to monitor concrete elements, mostly on a laboratory scale. Recently, coda wave interferometry (CWI), a technique adapted from seismology, was introduced to civil engineering experiments. It can be used to reveal subtle changes in concrete laboratory samples and even large structural elements without having a transducer directly at the place where the change is taking place. Here, several load tests until failure on large posttensioned concrete beams have been monitored using networks of embedded transducers. To detect subtle effects at the beginning of the experiments and cope with severe changes due to cracking close to failure, the coda wave interferometry procedures had to be modified to an adapted step-wise approach. Using this methodology, we were able to monitor stress distribution and localize large cracks by a relatively simple technique. Implementation of this approach on selected real structures might help to make decisions in infrastructure asset management.

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“…The Taylor series expansion method [ 18 ] is another method to determine the stretch factor. Equation (5) is expanded as a first order Taylor series:

when the high order

is ignored,

can be calculated by:

…”

Section: Coda Wave Interferometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing Ultrasonic Data by Coda Wave Interferometry to Monitor Load Tests of Concrete Beams

Niederleithinger

Wang

Herbrand

et al. 2018

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It can be used for imaging purpose [24,47,50], or to monitor stress change [18,33]. Various CWI processing approaches have been developed, such as the Doublet techniques [39], Taylor series expansion method [28], and the stretching method [32]. In this paper, the stretching method is chosen for CWI analysis as it provides the most accurate results among these three approaches [49].…”

Section: Coda Wave Interferometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Noise Reduction for Improvement of Ultrasonic Monitoring Using Coda Wave Interferometry on a Real Bridge

Wang¹,

Chakraborty²,

Niederleithinger³

2021

J Nondestruct Eval

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Reinforced concrete bridges are iconic parts of modern infrastructure. They are designed for a minimum service life of 100 years. However, environmental factors and/or inappropriate use might cause overload and accelerate the deterioration of bridges. In extreme cases, bridges could collapse when necessary maintenance lacks. Thus, the permanent monitoring for structure health assessment has been proposed, which is the aim of structural health monitoring (SHM). Studies in laboratories have shown that ultrasonic (US) coda wave interferometry (CWI) using diffuse waves has high sensitivity and reliability to detect subtle changes in concrete structures. The creation of micro-cracks might be recognized at an early stage. Moreover, large-volume structures can be monitored with a relatively small number of US transducers. However, it is still a challenge to implement the CWI method in real SHM practical applications in an outdoor environment because of the complex external factors, such as various noise sources that interfere with the recorded signals. In this paper, monitoring data from a 36-m long bridge girder in Gliwice, Poland, instrumented with embedded US transducers, thermistors, and vibrating wire strain gauges, is presented. Noise estimation and reduction methods are discussed, and the influence of traffic, as well as temperature variation, are studied. As a result, the relative velocity variation of US waves following the temperature change with a very high precision of $$10^{-4} \%$$ 10 - 4 % is shown, and a good bridge health condition is inferred. The influence of lightweight real traffic is negligible. The study verified the feasibility of the implementation of the CWI method on real bridge structures.

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“…Here, the ultrasonic responses were periodically obtained during the fatigue test, and the fatigue damage precursor was detected by comparing the coda waves in previous and current ultrasonic responses. The damage index was defined under the assumption that the variation of coda waves follows the Taylor series 25 . It has been reported in the literature that under fatigue loading, fatigue damages of composites are distributed throughout an entire specimen (multiple scatterers) 26,27 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue damage detection and growth monitoring for composite structure using coda wave interferometry

Lim

Lee

Skinner

et al. 2020

Struct Control Health Monit

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Summary This paper presents the development of a fatigue damage detection and growth monitoring technique based on coda wave interferometry (CWI) for composite structures. The time domain distortion (TD) component of coda waves, which is typically ignored as noise in the literature, is used and experimentally validated. First, a widely used signal processing method for CWI called the stretching method is applied, and TD component is extracted in the time domain. Next, threshold values are statistically estimated using noise levels of the signal and compared with the amplitude of TD component for detecting early‐stage fatigue damage. A damage index (DI) is then obtained from TD component and used to monitor fatigue damage growth. The experimental results of the damage detection and growth monitoring are validated through visual inspection during the fatigue test. Finally, the developed technique's performance is evaluated by comparing it to conventional ultrasonic and CWI‐based composite fatigue damage assessment methods. The uniqueness of this study lies in (1) detection and growth monitoring of the early‐stage composite fatigue damage, (2) extraction and use of TD component of CWI and investigation of the correlation with the damage existence and growth, and (3) experimental validation and performance examination by comparing with the conventional ultrasonic and CWI‐based composite fatigue damage assessment methods.

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Implementation of Coda Wave Interferometry Using Taylor Series Expansion

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Processing Ultrasonic Data by Coda Wave Interferometry to Monitor Load Tests of Concrete Beams

Processing Ultrasonic Data by Coda Wave Interferometry to Monitor Load Tests of Concrete Beams

Noise Reduction for Improvement of Ultrasonic Monitoring Using Coda Wave Interferometry on a Real Bridge

Fatigue damage detection and growth monitoring for composite structure using coda wave interferometry

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