“…Research shows that such environments have the potential to engage learners, encourage them to learn more, and most importantly, enable them to take responsibility for their learning (Chen et al, 2022;Pujiastuti & Haryadi, 2023;Rohali et al, 2023). This is particularly evident in science, where real-world experiences and hands-on learning can greatly enhance learners' understanding and retention of complex scientific concepts (Abadi et al, 2023;Vela et al, 2020). Studies have consistently reported that informal learning environments can significantly improve learners' performance in science-related exams, tests, and projects (Vela et al, 2020).…”