Implementation of Sensor RFID: Carrying Sensor Information in the Modulation Frequency

Abstract

Abstract-An approach that can be used for exploiting the sensing capabilities of radio-frequency identification (RFID) is presented and formulated. In this approach, sensor information is carried through the modulation frequency of RFID . The aim of this work is to investigate the sensor concept and to characterize the sensor performance both theoretically and experimentally. Furthermore, the operation of the sensor radio-frequency (RF) parts and oscillator are described analytically, and the equations are verified by simulations and measurements. The concept is experimentally demonstrated at a single carrier frequency to test its suitability for ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID applications, and shown to be feasible for implementing sensors that can be read across distances up to 14 meters.

Wearable Passive E-Textile UHF RFID Tag Based on a Slotted Patch Antenna with Sewn Ground and Microchip Interconnections

“…Passive UHF (ultra-high frequency) RFID (radiofrequency identification) inspired technology has been identified as a compelling approach to achieve energy efficient and versatile wireless technology for future WBANs [5][6][7][8]. Here, the wireless communication of digital data by means of modulated scattering offers a unique way to implement antenna-sensors and remotely powered and programmable platforms, where an ultra-low-power microsystem integrated with an antenna provides identification and sensing functionalities [9][10][11][12]. In the current technology, UHF RFID tags are remotely addressable at distances from several meters beyond 20 meters in specialized applications.…”

From Identification to Sensing: RFID Is One of the Key Technologies in the IoT Field

“…However, it suffers from the fact that the characteristics of the backscattered signal are altered in terms of the detection of information (identifier + sensed quantity), which reduces the reading range and even the reading capacity. To overcome these problems, solutions aim at dividing and/or modifying the coding of the information returned by the tag in order to separate the two information channels (identification and detection), for example, phase modulation for the sensor and amplitude modulation for the communication or specific modulation frequency for the sensor [ 80 ]. A hybrid analog–digital platform has also been proposed that uses digital backscatter for addressing and control, and an analog backscatter mode for high-speed transmission of sensor data [ 81 ].…”

“…To summarize and position the approaches used for RFID sensor tags more globally compared to other techniques, Table 1 (which comes from the reference [ 80 ]) compares five different techniques for providing a wireless sensor; the two right-hand columns correspond to the techniques presented here, which are based on RFID with a tag that integrates a digital sensor or exploits the sensitivity of the antenna. The comparison criteria put forward are very relevant and distinguish the intrinsic characteristics of each technology.…”

A Bending Passive RFID Tag as a Sensor for High-Temperature Exposure

“…However, passive RFID technology is capable of expanding beyond its traditional identificationbased applications. It can be utilized to perform as wireless sensors, which are easy to manufacture, low cost, and efficient [3,[6][7][8]. Adding sensing capabilities to passive RFID tags has been widely studied [9][10][11][12][13][14], and by tracking changes in the tags' backscattered signals, passive UHF RFID tags have been used for sensing without external sensors, such as strain [15][16][17][18][19], moisture [20][21][22][23][24], pressure [25,26], and especially temperature sensors [27][28][29].…”