Implementing Quantum Walks Using Orbital Angular Momentum of Classical Light

Goyal, Sandeep K.; Roux, Filippus S.; Forbes, Andrew; Konrad, Thomas

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.110.263602

Cited by 109 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…This analogy was used to demonstrate the topological phase acquired by entangled states evolving under local unitary operations [12]. Recently, it has attracted a growing interest due both to the fundamental aspects involved, but also for potential applications to classical optical information processing [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Nonseparable structures have also proved their utility in the quantum optical domain [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Pacs Numbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tripartite nonseparability in classical optics

et al. 2016

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It is possible to prepare classical optical beams which cannot be characterized by a tensor product of vectors describing each of their degrees of freedom. Here we report the experimental creation of such a non-separable, tripartite GHZ-like state of path, polarization and transverse modes of a classical laser beam. We use a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with an additional mirror and other optical elements to perform measurements that violate Mermin's inequality. This demonstration of a classical optical analogue of tripartite entanglement paves the path to novel optical applications inspired by multipartite quantum information protocols. PACS numbers:A composite quantum system is said to be entangled when it is not fully described by the state of its components [1]. Besides indicating a departure from classical physics, entangled states represent an important resource for a number of quantum information protocols [2]. In classical optics, the mode structure associated with different degrees of freedom of the wave field can also be described by complex vector spaces. As examples, an arbitrary polarization can be written as a complex superposition of circularly polarized beams, and the spatial configuration of a paraxial beam can be decomposed in terms of Laguerre-Gaussian beams. These degrees of freedom can be represented on two independent Poincaré spheres [3], in complete analogy with the Bloch sphere used to represent qubit states [2]. Intriguingly, also in classical optics there are field configurations which cannot be described as a tensor product of definite modes of each individual degree of freedom of the system [4]. These non-separable structures display a classical analogue of quantum entanglement [5][6][7][8]. One example are vector vortex beams, which are non-separable superpositions of transverse modes and polarization states of a laser beam [9][10][11]. This analogy was used to demonstrate the topological phase acquired by entangled states evolving under local unitary operations [12]. Recently, it has attracted a growing interest due both to the fundamental aspects involved, but also for potential applications to classical optical information processing [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Nonseparable structures have also proved their utility in the quantum optical domain [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Analogously to its quantum counterpart, classical entanglement has been characterized via the violation of Bell-like inequalities [34][35][36].Composite quantum systems may have more than two parts. For tripartite systems, Mermin [37] simplified an earlier argument by Greenberger, Horne and Zeilinger * Corresponding author.[38], to show that any local hidden-variable theory for tripartite systems must satisfy (1) where Z, Y, Z represent the Pauli operators. This inequality is violated by the so-called GHZ-Mermin state:for which ZZZ = +1 and ZXX = XZX = XXZ = −1, resulting in M = 4, the maximum algebraic violation of Mermin's inequality (1). In [39], Spreeuw proposed a scheme in which t...

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Section: Pacs Numbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tripartite nonseparability in classical optics

et al. 2016

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“…The simplest implementation in a photonic system is to use a polarized beam splitter or shifter and polarizers. Other experimental proposals of DTQWs have been demonstrated for an ion trap [23], cavity quantum electrodynamics [24], a non-Abelian anyon [25], BoseEinstein condensation [26], angular momentum classical light [27], ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond coupled to a superconducting qubit [28], and an optomechanical system [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Realize One-dimensional Discrete-time Quantum Walk by Dirac Particle

Shikano

2017

IIS

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One-dimensional discrete-time quantum walks (DTQWs) can simulate various quantum and classical dynamics and have already been implemented in several physical systems. This implementation needs a well-controlled quantum dynamical system, which is the same requirement for implementing quantum information processing tasks. Here, we consider how to realize DTQWs by Dirac particles toward a solid-state implementation of DTQWs.

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“…An interesting recent development is the identification of classical wave-optics analogies of some quantum information-related processes, such as quantum entanglement and quantum teleportation. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] By exploiting the local classical optical correlation among different degrees of freedom from the same classical vector beam, dense coding has been demonstrated for classical optical communication. 27 However, the question remains whether or not it is possible to realize the analogy of quantum dense coding in the classical communication system, which is similar to quantum dense coding using pairs of photons entangled in polarization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental realization of the analogy of quantum dense coding in classical optics

Yang

Sun

et al. 2016

AIP Advances

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We report on the experimental realization of the analogy of quantum dense coding in classical optical communication using classical optical correlations. Compared to quantum dense coding that uses pairs of photons entangled in polarization, we find that the proposed design exhibits many advantages. Considering that it is convenient to realize in optical communication, the attainable channel capacity in the experiment for dense coding can reach 2 bits, which is higher than that of the usual quantum coding capacity (1.585 bits). This increased channel capacity has been proven experimentally by transmitting ASCII characters in 12 quaternary digitals instead of the usual 24 bits.

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Implementing Quantum Walks Using Orbital Angular Momentum of Classical Light

Cited by 109 publications

References 46 publications

Tripartite nonseparability in classical optics

Tripartite nonseparability in classical optics

How to Realize One-dimensional Discrete-time Quantum Walk by Dirac Particle

Experimental realization of the analogy of quantum dense coding in classical optics

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