Implication of Gut Microbiome in Brain Chemistry and Behavior

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Alterations of the Brain Proteome and Gut Microbiota in d-Galactose-Induced Brain-Aging Mice with Krill Oil Supplementation

“…Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetic, propionic, and butyric acids, are major products of the bacterial fermentation of nondigestible dietary fiber in the gastrointestinal tract 47 that are able to regulate the homeostasis of microglia and macrophages of the CNS. 15 Other studies showed that butyrate-producing bacteria potentially reduced anxiety in rats and lowered psychological stress in humans. 48 The butyrate producers Clostridium XIVa, Oscillibacter, and Coprococcus 49 were all increased in the krill oil-treated groups but decreased in the donepezil-treated group compared with the model group.…”

“…Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetic, propionic, and butyric acids, are major products of the bacterial fermentation of nondigestible dietary fiber in the gastrointestinal tract that are able to regulate the homeostasis of microglia and macrophages of the CNS . Other studies showed that butyrate-producing bacteria potentially reduced anxiety in rats and lowered psychological stress in humans .…”

“…On the one hand, a previous study has suggested that exposure to social stressors for only 2 h significantly changes the relative proportions of the Parabacteroides and Lactobacillus spp . On the other hand, treatments with the probiotics Lactobacillus helveticus and Bifidobacteria longum were confirmed to modulate GM composition and subsequently relieve anxiety in rats and humans . Moreover, the effects of krill oil on GM composition modulation have been previously reported in mice with diet-induced hyperlipidemia and obesity. , However, the underlying mechanisms of the antiaging activity of krill oil in the context of the GM remain unclear.…”

“…10−14 However, recent studies have shown that the modulation of the gut microbiota (GM) induced by diets also affected brain-aging pathogenesis and alleviation. 15 The GM comprises one hundred billion microorganisms with exponential population growth from the proximal end of the gastrointestinal tract to the distal end. Various studies have indicated that the composition and metabolism of the GM are associated with the development of neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism, anxiety, depression, dementia, and anorexia nervosa.…”

“…Previous studies have indicated that diets play vital roles in brain aging via the regulation of gene transcription and protein expression. − However, recent studies have shown that the modulation of the gut microbiota (GM) induced by diets also affected brain-aging pathogenesis and alleviation . The GM comprises one hundred billion microorganisms with exponential population growth from the proximal end of the gastrointestinal tract to the distal end.…”