Implication of PKC in the seasonal variation of the immune response of the hemocytes of Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk. and its role in interleukin‐2‐induced nitric oxide synthesis

Novas, A. J.; Barcia, Ramiro; Ramos-Martı́nez, Juan Ignacio

doi:10.1080/15216540701553235

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…IL-2 also stimulated nitrogen monoxide (NO) release from hemocytes, and in this case the mechanism involved seemed only cAMP/PKAdependent. Nevertheless, PKC would exert a regulation on the system, directed on the enzyme NO synthase, and not on the cyclase moiety (Novas et al, 2007). A further possible interaction between PKC and the cAMP-mediated signaling is at the level of a CREB-like transcription factor, which is indeed phosphorylated by PKC in M. galloprovincialis hemocytes challenged with 17bestradiol (Canesi et al, 2006).…”

Section: Endogenous and Pharmacological Regulation Of Ac/camp System mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclic AMP signaling in bivalve molluscs: an overview

Fabbri¹,

Capuzzo²

2010

J. Exp. Zool.

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The cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent signaling accounts for the control of cellular cascades involved in many physiological functions, and a wealth of information is available on the cAMP system that operates in mammalian cells. Nevertheless, cAMP has a central role also in nonmammalian vertebrates and invertebrates. The present review aims at examining the information available on bivalve molluscs, from the first studies carried out in the early 1980s to the last progresses made in the present days. The major focus is on the structural and operational characteristics of the main actors of the signaling pathway, i.e., adenylyl cyclase, G proteins, and protein kinase A, and on the role played by the cyclic nucleotide on smooth muscle, heart, gills, gonads, and metabolism regulation. Moreover, recent evidence regarding the cAMP system as a target of environmental stress factors are discussed. It will become clear that cAMP does play a wide and important role in bivalve physiology. Several issues have been sufficiently clarified, although investigated only in a few model species. However, further fundamental aspects remain unknown, mainly regarding molecular features and interactions with other signaling pathways, thus requiring further elucidation. J. Exp. The discovery of cyclic AMP (cAMP) about 50 years ago was the crucial event leading to our current paradigm of second-messenger signaling, through which many hormones, neurotransmitters, odorants, and autocrine/paracrine regulators modulate physiological functions. Other second messengers were discovered from then on; however, cAMP has never left its center stage. Biological and genetic evidence point to roles for cAMP in a vast array of biological systems, including oogenesis and embryogenesis, development, hormone secretion, olfaction, cardiac contraction, smooth muscle relaxation, metabolism, etc. Therefore, understanding the cAMP-dependent pathway in all its parts became a scientific priority that prompted to a remarkable amount of studies and relevant achievements (Diel et al., 2008;Sadana and Dessauer, 2009). Admittedly, the pathway once considered simple and straightforward became very complex, thus requiring more and more sophisticated investigations mainly focused on mammalian cells. If this is easily understandable also for the implications of cAMP signaling in human health and possible therapeutic applications, the counterpart is a rather scarce knowledge of the system in nonmammalian vertebrates and invertebrates.The present review focuses on the cAMP-dependent pathway in bivalve molluscs, aimed at collecting and ordering the research outputs produced in this regard. Bivalve molluscs are the model animals currently studied in our laboratories, and we did experience such fragmented information. Moreover, growing interest is addressed to these animals as widely cultivated aquaculture species and sentinel organisms used for evaluating the environmental quality. Undoubtedly cAMP plays a role in these contexts and an organized set of information would be of be...

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Section: Endogenous and Pharmacological Regulation Of Ac/camp System mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclic AMP signaling in bivalve molluscs: an overview

Fabbri¹,

Capuzzo²

2010

J. Exp. Zool.

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“…In the same report, it was worth noting that the expression level of iNOS showed no seasonal fluctuation. The NO production was regulated via PKC signaling pathway [31,32]. From our current results related to IkBa, iNOS, and NO, it is reasonable to suggest that in molluscan hemocytes LPS increases the degradation of IkBa, then the dissociated NF-kB translocates into the nucleus to initiate the expression of iNOS, through which NO is synthesized.…”

Section: The Activity Of Inos and The Production Of Nomentioning

confidence: 75%

“…In molluscan hemocytes, PKC signaling pathway has been detected to regulate NO production [31,32]. Recently, a bivalve mollusc cDNA that encodes a novel IkB member called Cg-IkB shows the conservation of most IkB protein characteristics [33].…”

Section: Ikba Degradation In Hemocytes Was Induced By Lps and Attenuamentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcineurin mediates the immune response of hemocytes through NF-κB signaling pathway in pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata)

Liang

et al. 2010

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…LPS has proved to activate the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), as well as different types of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) (Canesi et al 2005(Canesi et al , 2006Wright et al 2006). Also, different growth factors and cytokines induce phagocytosis and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis through mechanisms implicating PKA and PKC enzymatic activities (Ottaviani et al 1993a;Tafalla et al 2002;Novas et al 2004Novas et al , 2007aBarcia & Ramos-Martínez 2008).…”

Section: Stress Molecular Mechanisms In Mytilus Galloprovincialismentioning

confidence: 96%

Role of protein kinases C (PKC) in the relationship between the neuroendocrine and immune systems in marine mussels: The model ofMytilus galloprovincialisLamark (1819)

Martinez¹,

Gonzalez-Riopedre

Barcia

2012

Italian Journal of Zoology

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Experimental evidence shows that the hemocytes of Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamark have a multivalent receptor that responds to diverse agonists provoking the activation of the immune response. The same such agonists have the property of modulating the operability of the endocrine system. The relationship between the neuroendocrine and immune systems has led to the consideration of hemocytes as a mobile immune-brain. In Mytilus galloprovincialis, two protein kinases C (PKC) mediate these processes. According to their kinetic and regulatory properties, they were classified into the families of the Ca 2+ -independent PKCs (nPKC) and Ca 2+ -dependent PKCs (cPKC), and named after their molecular masses, p105 and p60, respectively. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) induce catecholamine synthesis but display an agonist-specific picture. The particular responses of the diverse PKC isozymes may cause the differences. These results would agree with p60 acting only on dopamine synthesizing enzyme, whereas p105 would affect norepinephrine and epinephrine production. The action of IL-2 or PDGF is related to the regulation of mussel PKC activities through the induction of mechanisms of down-regulation and balancing of p105 phosphorylation levels. As proof of the stress response, the agonists assayed induce catecholamine synthesis faster than the immune response they provoke. Also, the seasonal behavior of both processes differs in time, which proves their different timings.

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Implication of PKC in the seasonal variation of the immune response of the hemocytes of Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk. and its role in interleukin‐2‐induced nitric oxide synthesis

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Cyclic AMP signaling in bivalve molluscs: an overview

Cyclic AMP signaling in bivalve molluscs: an overview

Calcineurin mediates the immune response of hemocytes through NF-κB signaling pathway in pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata)

Role of protein kinases C (PKC) in the relationship between the neuroendocrine and immune systems in marine mussels: The model ofMytilus galloprovincialisLamark (1819)

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