Implications for the Neural Basis of Social Cognition for the Study of Schizophrenia

Pinkham, Amy E.; Penn, David L.; Perkins, Diana O.; Lieberman, Jeffrey A.

doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.5.815

Cited by 395 publications

(258 citation statements)

References 148 publications

(123 reference statements)

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“…These findings seem to be driven by a particular difficulty in the recognition of sad faces. Consistent findings have also been reported for the recognition of negative emotions in patients with schizophrenia, specifically fear (Gaebel & Wolwer, 1992), sadness (Gaebel & Wolwer, 1992 ;Kohler et al 2003) and anger (Pinkham et al 2003). It is important to note that the current findings were observed with a sample of adolescents with an average age of 11.5 years.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Facial emotion recognition in adolescents with psychotic-like experiences: a school-based sample from the general population

et al. 2012

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BackgroundPsychotic symptoms, also termed psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in the absence of psychotic disorder, are common in adolescents and are associated with increased risk of schizophrenia-spectrum illness in adulthood. At the same time, schizophrenia is associated with deficits in social cognition, with deficits particularly documented in facial emotion recognition (FER). However, little is known about the relationship between PLEs and FER abilities, with only one previous prospective study examining the association between these abilities in childhood and reported PLEs in adolescence. The current study was a cross-sectional investigation of the association between PLEs and FER in a sample of Irish adolescents.MethodThe Adolescent Psychotic-Like Symptom Screener (APSS), a self-report measure of PLEs, and the Penn Emotion Recognition-40 Test (Penn ER-40), a measure of facial emotion recognition, were completed by 793 children aged 10–13 years.ResultsChildren who reported PLEs performed significantly more poorly on FER (β=−0.03, p=0.035). Recognition of sad faces was the major driver of effects, with children performing particularly poorly when identifying this expression (β=−0.08, p=0.032).ConclusionsThe current findings show that PLEs are associated with poorer FER. Further work is needed to elucidate causal relationships with implications for the design of future interventions for those at risk of developing psychosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Facial emotion recognition in adolescents with psychotic-like experiences: a school-based sample from the general population

et al. 2012

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“…Cognitive impairments, such as those described in the previous sentence, are cardinal symptoms of schizophrenia (Frith, 1992;Green, 1996;Green et al, 2008;Lysaker et al, 2005;Penn et al, 1997). Neurocognition, social cognition, and metacognition represent separate-but related-types of cognitive impairments (Allen et al, 2007;Fanning et al, 2012;Lysaker et al, 2013;Pinkham et al, 2003). Of these, neurocognitive impairments are the most often cited in literature and involve reductions in abilities ranging from processing speed to executive functioning (Green, 1996;Green et al, 2004;Saykin et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual disorganization weakens links in cognitive pathways: Disentangling neurocognition, social cognition, and metacognition in schizophrenia

Minor

Marggraf

Davis

et al. 2015

Schizophrenia Research

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Disentangling links between neurocognition, social cognition, and metacognition offers the potential to improve interventions for these cognitive processes. Disorganized symptoms have shown promise for explaining the limiting relationship that neurocognition holds with both social cognition and metacognition. In this study, primary aims included: 1) testing whether conceptual disorganization, a specific disorganized symptom, moderated relationships between cognitive processes, and 2) examining the level of conceptual disorganization necessary for links between cognitive processes to break down. To accomplish these aims, comprehensive assessments of conceptual disorganization, neurocognition, social cognition, and metacognition were administered to 67 people with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. We found that conceptual disorganization significantly moderated the relationship between neurocognition and metacognition, with links between cognitive processes weakening when conceptual disorganization is present even at minimal levels of severity. There was no evidence that conceptual disorganization-or any other specific disorganized symptom-drove the limiting relationship of neurocognition on social cognition. Based on our findings, conceptual disorganization appears to be a critical piece of the puzzle when disentangling the relationship between neurocognition and metacognition. Roles of specific disorganized symptoms in the neurocognition -social cognition relationship were less clear. Findings from this study suggest that disorganized symptoms are an important treatment consideration when aiming to improve cognitive impairments.

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“…Although schizophrenia and autism have different symptom presentations, ages of onset, and developmental courses, impaired social functioning is a hallmark characteristic of both disorders (DSM-IV-TR), and these social deficits are related to impairments in social cognition (Couture et al, 2006;Hughes et al, 1997;Klin et al, 2002;Pinkham et al, 2003). Behavioral data suggest both disorders show comparable social cognitive deficits, particularly on tasks requiring higher levels of social cognitive skill (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, behavioral findings are complicated by heterogeneity within disorders, particularly in schizophrenia, as individuals with persecutory delusions perform differently both at behavioral and neural levels on social cognitive tasks relative to individuals without persecutory delusions (Bentall et al, 2001;Davis and Gibson, 2000;Phillips et al, 1999;Ueno et al, 2004;Williams et al, 2004). Additionally, despite evidence of abnormal activation in the neural systems of social cognition in schizophrenia and autism (Pinkham et al, 2003;Pelphrey et al, 2004), no studies have used fMRI to directly compare the neural substrates underlying social cognitive performance in both disorders. Thus, comparing these two disorders may illuminate the general mechanisms underlying social cognitive deficits and inform the etiologies of social dysfunction seen in these disparate disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural bases for impaired social cognition in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders

Pinkham

Hopfinger

Pelphrey

et al. 2008

Schizophrenia Research

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Schizophrenia and autism both feature significant impairments in social cognition and social functioning, but the specificity and mechanisms of these deficits remain unknown. Recent research suggests that social cognitive deficits in both disorders may arise from dysfunctions in the neural systems that underlie social cognition. We explored the neural activation of discrete brain regions implicated in social cognitive and face processing in schizophrenia subgroups and autism spectrum disorders during complex social judgments of faces. Twelve individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), 12 paranoid individuals with schizophrenia (P-SCZ), 12 non-paranoid individuals with schizophrenia (NP-SCZ), and 12 non-clinical healthy controls participated in this cross sectional study. Neural activation, as indexed by blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast, was measured in a priori regions of interest while individuals rated faces for trustworthiness. All groups showed significant activation of a social cognitive network including the amygdala, fusiform face area (FFA), superior temporal sulcus (STS), and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) while completing a task of complex social cognition (i.e. trustworthiness judgments). ASD and P-SCZ individuals showed significantly reduced neural activation in the right amygdala, FFA, and left VLPFC as compared to controls and in the left VLPFC as compared to NP-SCZ individuals during this task. These findings lend support to models hypothesizing well-defined neural substrates of social cognition and suggest a specific neural mechanism that may underlie social cognitive impairments in both autism and paranoid schizophrenia.

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Implications for the Neural Basis of Social Cognition for the Study of Schizophrenia

Abstract: These parallels might help to better elucidate the underlying mechanisms for social cognitive and social behavioral impairments in schizophrenia as well as provide potential targets for treatment and drug development.

Cited by 395 publications

References 148 publications

Facial emotion recognition in adolescents with psychotic-like experiences: a school-based sample from the general population

Facial emotion recognition in adolescents with psychotic-like experiences: a school-based sample from the general population

Conceptual disorganization weakens links in cognitive pathways: Disentangling neurocognition, social cognition, and metacognition in schizophrenia

Neural bases for impaired social cognition in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders

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