Implications of an early land plant spore assemblage for the late Silurian age of the Si Ka Formation, northern Vietnam

Legrand, Julien; Yamada, Toshihiro; Komatsu, Toshimitsu; Williams, Mark; Harvey, Tom; Backer, Tim de; Vandenbroucke, Thijs R.A.; Nguyen, Phong Duc; Doan, Hung Dinh; Nguyen, Hung Ba

doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2021.102486

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Palynological data indicate the Si Ka Formation is of Silurian, late Ludlow to early Pridoli age [17]. It unconformably pearl green and grey mudstones and sandstones (figure 1, electronic supplementary material, figure S2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Palynological data indicate the Si Ka Formation is of Silurian, late Ludlow to early Pridoli age [ 17 ]. It unconformably overlies the lower Palaeozoic Lutxia and Than Sa formations, and is succeeded by the shelf marine-deposited mudstones of the Lower Devonian Bac Bun Formation [ 18 – 20 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The upper 25 m of the Si Ka Formation is dominated by organic-rich, dark grey mudstones intercalated with silty mudstone layers and shell and/or bone beds and it is these units that contain ostracods ( figure 1 ; electronic supplementary material, figure S2). The mudstones often yield thin ‘coal' layers, plant debris and plant spores [ 17 ]. Fragments of antiarch fish bones (e.g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ostracods are found either scattered across the slab or in shell lags alongside fragments of gastropods, fish, leperditicopes and bivalves (electronic supplementary material, figure S3). The abundance of ostracods relative to other fauna is low, and there is little to no associated macro-plant debris, although trilete spores are present [ 17 ]. Both juvenile and adult ostracods are present.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sedimentological and palaeontological data indicate a fluvial–estuarine setting for the Si Ka Formation [ 22 ]. The associated micro- and macrofossils include a notable absence of stenohaline marine indicators such as acritarchs or corals, and are typified by plant and fish debris, bivalves, gastropods, leperditicopes and trilete spores [ 17 ]. The fining-upward sandstones of the lower and middle parts of the Si Ka Formation ( figure 1 ; electronic supplementary material, figure S2) represent typical fluvial channel-fill deposits, while the vari-coloured mudstones were probably deposited on a floodplain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ostracods had colonized estuaries by the late Silurian

et al. 2021

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The fossil record of terrestrialization documents notable shifts in the environmental and physiological tolerances of many animal and plant groups. However, for certain significant components of modern freshwater and terrestrial environments, the transition out of marine settings remains largely unconstrained. Ostracod crustaceans occupy an exceptional range of modern aquatic environments and are invaluable palaeoenvironmental indicators in the fossil record. However, pre-Carboniferous records of supposed non-marine and marginal marine ostracods are sparse, and the timing of their marine to non-marine transition has proven elusive. Here, we reassess the early environmental history of ostracods in light of new assemblages from the late Silurian of Vietnam. Two, low diversity but distinct ostracod assemblages are associated with estuarine deposits. This occurrence is consistent with previous incidental reports of ostracods occupying marginal and brackish settings through the late Silurian and Devonian. Therefore, ostracods were pioneering the occupation of marginal marine and estuarine settings 60 Myr before the Carboniferous and they were a component of the early phase of transition from marine to non-marine environments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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