Implications of cosmological gamma-ray absorption

Kneiske, T.; Bretz, T.; Mannheim, K.; Hartmann, D. H.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20031542

Cited by 402 publications

(632 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Together they provide valuable information on the spectral properties of the prompt emission (e.g. Abdo et al 2009a,d,b,c), the presence or absence of intrinsic spectral cut-offs or those due to the optical depth of the universe to high-energy γ-rays due to pair production on infrared diffuse Extragalactic Background Light (e.g., de Jager & Stecker 2002;Metcalfe et al 2003;Kneiske et al 2004;Kashlinsky et al 2005;Stecker et al 2006;Franceschini et al 2008;Finke et al 2010;Abdo et al 2009b) and test for quantum gravity effects (e.g., Amelino-Camelia et al 1998;Scargle et al 2008;Mattingly 2005;Amelino-Camelia & Smolin 2009;Abdo et al 2009c,a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical and near-infrared follow-up observations of fourFermi/LAT GRBs: redshifts, afterglows, energetics, and host galaxies

McBreen

Krühler

Rau

et al. 2010

A&A

116

100

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Aims. Fermi can measure the spectral properties of gamma-ray bursts over a very large energy range and is opening a new window on the prompt emission of these energetic events. Localizations by the instruments on Fermi in combination with follow-up by Swift provide accurate positions for observations at longer wavelengths leading to the determination of redshifts, the true energy budget, host galaxy properties and facilitate comparison with pre-Fermi bursts. Methods. Multi-wavelength follow-up observations were performed on the afterglows of four bursts with high energy emission detected by Fermi/LAT: GRB 090323, GRB 090328, GRB 090510 and GRB 090902B. They were obtained in the optical/near-infrared bands with GROND mounted at the MPG/ESO 2.2 m telescope and additionally of GRB 090323 in the optical with the 2 m telescope in Tautenburg, Germany. Three of the events are classified as long bursts while GRB 090510 is a well localized short GRB with GeV emission. In addition, host galaxies were detected for three of the four bursts. Spectroscopic follow-up was initiated with the VLT for GRB 090328 and GRB 090510. Results. The afterglow observations in 7 bands are presented for all bursts and their host galaxies are investigated. Knowledge of the distance and the local dust extinction enables comparison of the afterglows of LAT-detected GRBs with the general sample. The spectroscopic redshifts of GRB 090328 and GRB 090510 were determined to be z = 0.7354 ± 0.0003 and z = 0.903 ± 0.001 and dust corrected star-formation rates of 4.8 M yr −1 and 0.60 M yr −1 were derived for their host galaxies, respectively. Conclusions. The afterglows of long bursts exhibit power-law decay indices (α) from less than 1 to ∼2.3 and spectral indices (β opt ) values from 0.65 to ∼1.2 which are fairly standard for GRB afterglows. Constraints are placed on the jet half opening angles of < ∼ 2.1 • to > ∼ 6.4 • , which allows limits to be placed on the beaming corrected energies. These range from < ∼ 5 × 10 50 erg to the one of the highest values ever recorded, > ∼ 2.2 × 10 52 erg for GRB 090902B, and are not consistent with a standard candle. The extremely energetic long Fermi bursts have optical afterglows which lie in the top half of the brightness distribution of all optical afterglows detected in the Swift era or even in the top 5% if incompleteness is considered. The properties of the host galaxies of these LAT detected bursts in terms of extinction, star formation rates and masses do not appear to differ from previous samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical and near-infrared follow-up observations of fourFermi/LAT GRBs: redshifts, afterglows, energetics, and host galaxies

McBreen

Krühler

Rau

et al. 2010

A&A

116

100

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“…The method of galaxy counts is used to estimate the EBL, but it only provides a lower limit owing to the unknown of unresolved sources. Various models for the EBL have been published: Salamon & Stecker (1998), Malkan & Stecker (1998, , Kneiske et al (2002Kneiske et al ( , 2004, Primack et al (2005Primack et al ( , 2008, Gilmore et al (2008Gilmore et al ( , 2009, Franceschini et al (2008), Razzaque et al (2009), Finke et al (2010). These models include different degrees of complexity, observational constraints, and data inputs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraining extragalactic background light from TeV blazars

Yang

Wang

2010

A&A

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Aims. Our goal is to research the upper limits to the extragalactic background light (EBL). Methods. The upper limits to the extragalactic background light (EBL) are presented, using the Fermi and very high energy (VHE) spectra recently observed in TeV blazars. We use an assumption that the VHE intrinsic photon index cannot be harder than the Fermi index measured by the Fermi-LAT. Results. These upper limits are compatible with ones given by most EBL models; however, the models of high EBL density are contradicted by TeV blazars.

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“…The IRB and the IGMF are currently poorly known. The existing model calculations of the IRB spectral density [13][14][15] may differ by factor of 2 at redshift z = 0 and moreover the uncertainty grows with redshift. We use the Kneiske et.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulations of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays Propagation

Kido¹

2016

Proceedings of International Symposium for Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR2014)

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We fitted a pure proton source model to the spectrum of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) with energy E > 10 18.2 eV based on the first six years of the surface detectors of the Telescope Array experiment. For the pure proton source model, propagation of UHECRs in inter-galactic space from uniformly distributed proton sources is simulated using the numerical code TransportCR. In the fitting, the index of the power law injection energy spectrum, the evolution of the source density with redshift, the shift of the energy scale and the normalization of the flux are considered as free parameters. We obtained satisfactory fit results assuming strong evolution of the source density. We also discuss preliminary constraints on the free parameters.

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Implications of cosmological gamma-ray absorption

Cited by 402 publications

References 50 publications

Optical and near-infrared follow-up observations of fourFermi/LAT GRBs: redshifts, afterglows, energetics, and host galaxies

Optical and near-infrared follow-up observations of fourFermi/LAT GRBs: redshifts, afterglows, energetics, and host galaxies

Constraining extragalactic background light from TeV blazars

Simulations of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays Propagation

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