Implications of fasting on the energy metabolism
and feed evaluation in ruminants

Chowdhury, S. A.; Ørskov, E. R.

doi:10.22358/jafs/69830/1994

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Marston (1948( ), quoted by Webster et al (1974, showed that fasting heat production depended on the level of nutrition before fasting. We have identified, in agreement with Chowdhury & Ørskov (1994), yet another reason why fasting metabolism is an inappropriate basis for measuring the utilization of nutritionally-balanced diets for ruminants, and that such measurements should be based at a level of glucose supply equivalent to approximately 5⋅5 g/kg W 0⋅75 or more daily when plasma BHB is normal. The data reported here, compared with those for sheep (Chowdhury et al 1997b), suggest that there is a species difference between cattle and sheep in glucose requirement and glucose metabolism.…”

Section: Practical Implicationssupporting

confidence: 78%

Effect of glucose supply on fasting nitrogen excretion and effect of level and type of volatile fatty acid infusion on response to protein infusion in cattle

Ørskov¹,

Meehan²,

MacLeod³

et al. 1999

Br J Nutr

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Two experiments were carried out on cattle nourished entirely by intragastric infusion, to determine the extent to which glucose or a glucose precursor determines the response to protein infusion in energy-undernourished animals. In order to determine the requirement for glucose in 1-year-old fasting cattle, glucose was infused at increments to supply 0, 1·5, 2·5, 3·5, 4·5, 5·5 and 6·5 g/kg metabolic body weight (W0·75) and the effects on plasma β-hydroxybutyrate and N excretion were measured. At 5·5 g glucose/kg W0·75 plasma β-hydroxybutyrate was reduced to a basal level of 1·65 mmol/l and fasting N excretion reduced from 529 to 280 mg N/kg W0·75. No further reduction was observed with the higher level of 6·5 g glucose/kg W0·75. In the second trial, three steers were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design and infused with a volatile fatty acid mixture of 65, 27 and 8 mol acetic, propionic and butyric acids respectively/100 mol, either at an estimated maintenance energy level of 450 kJ/kg W0·75 and supplying a calculated glucose equivalent level of 13·0 g/kg W0·75 (M1A), or at 1·5 × maintenance supplying a glucose equivalent of 20 g/kg W0·75 (M1·5A). Another mixture infused at the maintenance energy level contained 49, 43 and 8 mol acetic, propionic and butyric acids respectively/100 mol but with a glucose equivalent of 20 g/kg W0·75 (M1P). Casein was infused at each of these energy treatments to supply 0, 200, 400, 800, 1600 and 2500 mg N/kg W0·75 daily, and N balance and blood metabolites were measured. N retention increased linearly (r 0·98) with casein infusion. The coefficients for N retention were 0·55, 0·57 and 0·64 for M1A, M1·5A and M1P respectively. The mean efficiency of N utilization was 0·58. The results suggest that provided the glucose need is met there is no relationship between energy supply and efficiency and level of protein retention. However, the results also indicate that glucose requirement in cattle may be higher than that previously observed in sheep.

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Section: Practical Implicationssupporting

confidence: 78%

Effect of glucose supply on fasting nitrogen excretion and effect of level and type of volatile fatty acid infusion on response to protein infusion in cattle

Ørskov¹,

Meehan²,

MacLeod³

et al. 1999

Br J Nutr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Altered levels of stearoylcarnitine, L-palmitoylcarnitine, Trp and acetylcarnitine combined with the results of serum levels of NEFA, GLU and BUN indicate that sheep switch energy sources from carbohydrates to proteins and fatty acids under the OG condition, causing poorer nitrogen utilization efficiency and extra lipolysis. For energy metabolism, a number of studies revealed lower plasma GLU and ALB, and higher urea levels of ewes under restricted nutritional conditions [40][41][42]. This phenomenon was consistent with up-regulated expression of KYNU and HAL in our previously obtained hepatic proteomics data [4].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Comparative metabolome analysis of serum changes in sheep under overgrazing or light grazing conditions

Zhang

Gao

Guo

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background Overgrazing is a primary contributor to severe reduction in forage quality and production in Inner Mongolia, leading to extensive ecosystem degradation, sheep health impairment and growth performance reduction. Further studies to identify serum biomarkers that reflect changes in sheep health and nutritional status following overgrazing would be beneficial. We hereby hypothesize that reduced sheep growth performance under overgrazing conditions would be associated with metabolic and immune response alterations. This study used an untargeted metabolomics analysis by conducting ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) of sheep serum under overgrazing and light grazing conditions to identify metabolic disruptions in response to overgrazing. Results The sheep body weight gains as well as serum biochemical variables associated with immune responses and nutritional metabolism (immunoglobulin G, albumin, glucose, and nonesterified fatty acids) were significantly decreased with overgrazing compared with light grazing condition. In contrast, other serum parameters such as alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, and interleukin-8 were markedly higher in the overgrazing group. Principal component analysis discriminated the metabolomes of the light grazing from the overgrazing group. Multivariate and univariate analyses revealed changes in the serum concentrations of 15 metabolites (9 metabolites exhibited a marked increase, whereas 6 metabolites showed a significant decrease) in the overgrazing group. Major changes of fatty acid oxidation, bile acid biosynthesis, and purine and protein metabolism were observed. Conclusions These findings offer metabolic evidence for putative biomarkers for overgrazing-induced changes in serum metabolism. Target-identification of these particular metabolites may potentially increase our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of altered immune responses, nutritional metabolism, and reduced sheep growth performance under overgrazing conditions.

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“…Altered levels of stearoylcarnitine, L-palmitoylcarnitine, Trp and acetylcarnitine combined with the results of serum levels of NEFA, GLU and BUN indicate that sheep switch energy sources from carbohydrates to proteins and fatty acids under the OG condition, causing poorer nitrogen utilization efficiency and extra lipolysis. For energy metabolism, a number of studies revealed lower plasma GLU and ALB, and higher urea levels of ewes under restricted nutritional conditions [39][40][41]. This phenomenon was consistent with up-regulated expression of KYNU and HAL in our previously obtained hepatic proteomics data [4].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Comparative metabolome analysis of serum changes in sheep under overgrazing or light grazing conditions

Zhang

Gao

Guo

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Implications of fasting on the energy metabolism and feed evaluation in ruminants

Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of glucose supply on fasting nitrogen excretion and effect of level and type of volatile fatty acid infusion on response to protein infusion in cattle

Effect of glucose supply on fasting nitrogen excretion and effect of level and type of volatile fatty acid infusion on response to protein infusion in cattle

Comparative metabolome analysis of serum changes in sheep under overgrazing or light grazing conditions

Comparative metabolome analysis of serum changes in sheep under overgrazing or light grazing conditions

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